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ResearchIn-Press PreviewCell biologyOncology Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.193221

Therapeutic targeting of YOD1 disrupts the PAX-FOXO1-N-Myc feedback loop in rhabdomyosarcoma

Wenwen Ying,1 Jiayi Yu,2 Xiaomin Wang,1 Jiayi Liu,1 Boyu Deng,1 Xuejing Shao,1 Jinhu Wang,3 Ting Tao,3 Ji Cao,1 Qiaojun He,1 Bo Yang,1 Yifan Chen,1 and Meidan Ying1

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Ying, W. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Yu, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Wang, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Liu, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Deng, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Shao, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Wang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Tao, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Cao, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by He, Q. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Yang, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Chen, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China

3Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China

Find articles by Ying, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published December 16, 2025 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.193221.
Copyright © 2025, Ying et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published December 16, 2025 - Version history
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Abstract

Fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS), driven by PAX-FOXO1, represents the subtype of RMS with the poorest prognosis. However, the oncogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of PAX-FOXO1 remain incompletely understood. Here, we discovered that N-Myc, in addition to being a classic downstream target of PAX-FOXO1, can also activate its expression and form a transcriptional complex with PAX-FOXO1, thereby markedly amplifying oncogenic signaling. The reciprocal transcriptional activation of PAX3-FOXO1 and N-Myc is critical for FP-RMS malignancy. We further identified YOD1 as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that stabilizes both PAX-FOXO1 and N-Myc. Knocking down YOD1 or inhibiting it by G5 could suppress FP-RMS growth both in vitro and in vivo, through promoting the degradation of both PAX-FOXO1 and N-Myc. Collectively, our results identify that YOD1 promotes RMS progression by regulating the PAX3-FOXO1-N-Myc positive feedback loop, and highlight YOD1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy that concurrently reduces the levels of both oncogenic proteins.

Supplemental material

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View Supplementary Table 1. RNA-seq gene expression data for RD cells shown in Figure 2C.

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