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ResearchIn-Press PreviewCell biologyNeuroscience Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.189634

Protein-protein interaction interfering peptide rescues dysregulated NMDA receptor signaling

Robert E. Featherstone,1 Hongbin Li,2 Ameet S. Sengar,2 Karin E. Borgmann-Winter,3 Olya Melnychenko,1 Lindsey M. Crown,1 Ray L. Gifford,1 Felix Amirfathi,1 Anamika Banerjee,4 AiVi Tran,1 Krishna Parekh,1 Margaret Heller,5 Wenyu Zhang,6 Robert J. Gallop,7 Adam D. Marc,6 Pragya Komal,2 Michael W. Salter,2 Steven J. Siegel,1 and Chang-Gyu Hahn3

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Featherstone, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Li, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Sengar, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Borgmann-Winter, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Melnychenko, O. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Crown, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Gifford, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Amirfathi, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Banerjee, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Tran, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Parekh, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Heller, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Zhang, W. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Gallop, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Marc, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Komal, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Salter, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Siegel, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America

2Neurosciences and Mental Health Program at SickKids Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, Canada

3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

4Research and Development, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, United States of America

5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

6Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America

7Department of Mathematics, West Chester University, West Chester, United States of America

Find articles by Hahn, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published December 4, 2025 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.189634.
Copyright © 2025, Featherstone et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published December 4, 2025 - Version history
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Abstract

The complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric illnesses compels us to look beyond individual risk genes for therapeutic strategies and target the interactive dynamics and convergence of their protein products. A mechanistic substrate for convergence of synaptic neuropsychiatric risk genes are protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in the NMDAR complex. NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia is associated with hypoactivity of Src kinase, resulting from convergent alterations in PPIs of Src with its partners. Of these, the association of Src with PSD-95, which inhibits the activity of this kinase in the NMDAR complex, is known to be increased in schizophrenia. Here, we devised a strategy to suppress the inhibition of Src by PSD-95 by employing a cell penetrating and Src activating PSD-95 inhibitory peptide (TAT-SAPIP). TAT-SAPIP enhanced synaptic NMDAR currents in Src+/- and Sdy-/- mice manifesting NMDAR hypofunction phenotypes. Chronic ICV injection of TAT-SAPIP rescued cognitive deficits in trace fear conditioning in Src +/- mice. Moreover, TAT-SAPIP enhanced Src activity in synaptoneurosomes derived from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 14 subjects including patients and healthy subjects. We propose blockade of the Src-PSD-95 interaction as a proof of concept for the use of interfering peptides as a therapeutic strategy to reverse NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia and other illnesses.

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