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10.1172/jci.insight.203283
SARS-CoV-2 infection produces an IL-33-dependent chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and muco-inflammatory airways disease in mice
Padraig E. Hawkins,1 Sarah R. Leist,2 Hong Dang,1 Minako Saito,1 Lisa C. Morton,1 Rodney C. Gilmore,1 Stephen A. Schworer,1 Ella F. Burns,1 Jason R. Rock,3 Robert S. Hagan,1 James J. Pestka,4 Alexandra Schäfer,2 Kenichi Okuda,1 Lauren K. Heine,5 Jack R. Harkema,6 Wanda K. O'Neal,1 Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico,1 Raymond J. Pickles,1 Ralph S. Baric,2 and Richard C. Boucher1
1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Leist, S.
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Dang, H.
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Schworer, S.
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Hagan, R.
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Okuda, K.
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Baric, R.
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1Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
2Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
3Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
4Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
6Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States of America
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Published July 7, 2026 - More info
Copyright © 2026, Hawkins et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
