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ResearchIn-Press PreviewCell biologyOncology Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.202414

NOTCH1 acts as a tumor suppressor that induces early differentiation in head and neck cancer

Chenfei Huang,1 Shhyam Moorthy,2 Qiuli Li,2 Kazi M. Ahmed,1 Kalil Saab,1 Defeng Deng,1 Jiping Wang,2 Xiayu Rao,3 Jiexin Zhang,3 Yuanxin Xi,3 Jing Wang,3 Zhiyi Liu,2 Noriaki Tanaka,2 David A. Wheeler,4 Eve Shinbrot,4 Rami Saade,5 Curtis R. Pickering,2 Tong-Xin Xie,2 Adel K. El-Naggar,6 Abdullah A. Osman,2 Kunal Rai,7 Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay,8 John V. Heymach,9 Lauren A. Byers,9 Faye M. Johnson,9 Vlad C. Sandulache,1 Jeffrey N. Myers,2 Pedram Yadollahi,1 and Mitchell J. Frederick1

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Huang, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Moorthy, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Li, Q. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Ahmed, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Saab, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Deng, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Wang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Rao, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Zhang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Xi, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Wang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Liu, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Tanaka, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Wheeler, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Shinbrot, E. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Saade, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Pickering, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Xie, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by El-Naggar, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Osman, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Rai, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Zweidler-McKay, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Heymach, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Byers, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Johnson, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Sandulache, V. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

Find articles by Myers, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

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1Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

4Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America

5Department of Otolaryngology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

6Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

7Department of Genomic Medicine and MDACC Epigenomics Therapy Initiative, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

8Department of Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

9Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America

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Published April 16, 2026 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.202414.
Copyright © 2026, Huang et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published April 16, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

Inactivating NOTCH1 mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were described over a decade ago, suggesting a tumorsuppressor function—unlike its oncogenic role in other tumors. Today, much debate persists regarding a putative oncogenic role in HNSCC as well, with reports that NOTCH1 signaling drives tumor growth and a cancerstemcell (CSC) phenotype. In this work, comprehensive experiments unequivocally demonstrate that NOTCH1 is a tumor suppressor in HNSCC regardless of mutation or activation status and that it reduces CSC frequency. We developed a signature of NOTCH1 activation showing the pathway is associated with very early differentiation, an altered tumor microenvironment, and better prognosis. Clarifying whether NOTCH1 occasionally functions as an oncogenic driver in HNSCC is crucial to prognosis and personalized therapy. The results presented unify the field, reconcile conflicting data, and provide critical insights into the biological and clinical significance of NOTCH1, with broader implications in other squamous carcinomas with NOTCH1 mutations.

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