ResearchIn-Press PreviewCOVID-19ImmunologyInfectious disease
Open Access | 
10.1172/jci.insight.184975
Soluble CD13 is a potential mediator of neutrophil-induced thrombogenic inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Pei-Suen Tsou,1 Ramadan A. Ali,1 Chenyang Lu,2 Gautam Sule,1 Carmelo Carmona-Rivera,3 Serena Lucotti,4 Yuzo Ikari,1 Qi Wu,1 Phillip Campbell,1 Mikel Gurrea-Rubio,1 Kohei Maeda,1 Sharon E. Fox,5 William D. Brodie,1 Megan N. Mattichak,1 Caroline Foster,1 Ajay Tambralli,1 Srilakshmi Yalavarthi,1 M. Asif Amin,1 Katarina Kmetova,1 Bruna Mazetto Fonseca,1 Emily Chong,1 Yu Zuo,1 Michael Maile,6 Luisa Imberti,7 Arnaldo Caruso,7 Francesca Caccuri,7 Virginia Quaresima,8 Alessandra Sottini,8 Douglas B. Kuhns,9 Danielle L. Fink,9 Riccardo Castagnoli,10 Ottavia Delmonte,10 Heather Kenney,10 Yu Zhang,10 Mary Magliocco,10 Helen C. Su,10 Luigi D. Notarangelo,10 Rachel L. Zemans,11 Yang Mao-Draayer,12 Irina Matei,4 Mirella Salvatore,13 David C. Lyden,4 Yogendra Kanthi,14 Mariana J. Kaplan,3 Jason S. Knight,1 and David A. Fox1
1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Delmonte, O.
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Zhang, Y.
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Su, H.
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Notarangelo, L.
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Zemans, R.
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Knight, J.
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1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Auto, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
3Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculosk, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
4Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
5Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States of America
6Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
7Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
8Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
9Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, United States of America
10Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectio, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
11Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine; Program in Cellular, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
12Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
13Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine and Department of Populati, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
14Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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Published April 1, 2025 - More info
Copyright © 2025, Tsou et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
