Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2025;10(8):e181885. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.181885.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease, can cause psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, via immune activation. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (hUCMSC) transplantation (MSCT) has been shown to ameliorate immune dysfunction in SLE by inducing immune tolerance. However, whether MSCT can relieve the depressive symptoms in SLE remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that MSCT relieved early-onset depression-like behavior in both genetically lupus-prone (MRL/lpr) and pristane-induced lupus mice by rescuing impaired hippocampal synaptic connectivity. Transplanted hUCMSCs targeted Th1 cell–derived IFN-γ to inhibit neuronal JAK/STAT1 signaling and downstream CCL8 expression, reducing phagocytic microglia apposition to alleviate synaptic engulfment and neurological dysfunction in young (8-week-old) lupus mice. Systemic delivery of exogenous IFN-γ blunted MSCT-mediated alleviation of synaptic loss and depressive behavior in lupus mice, suggesting that the IFN-γ/CCL8 axis may be an effective therapeutic target and that MSCT is a potential therapy for lupus-related depression. In summary, transplanted hUCMSCs can target systemic immunity to ameliorate psychiatric disorders by rescuing synaptic loss, highlighting the active role of neurons as intermediaries between systemic immunity and microglia in this process.
Authors
Xiaojuan Han, Dandan Wang, Liang Chen, Hua Song, Xiulan Zheng, Xin Zhang, Shengnan Zhao, Jun Liang, Tianshu Xu, Zhibin Hu, Lingyun Sun
