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Tnfrsf4-expressing regulatory T cells promote immune escape of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells
Magdalena Hinterbrandner, Viviana Rubino, Carina Stoll, Stefan Forster, Noah Schnüriger, Ramin Radpour, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Adrian F. Ochsenbein, Carsten Riether
Magdalena Hinterbrandner, Viviana Rubino, Carina Stoll, Stefan Forster, Noah Schnüriger, Ramin Radpour, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Adrian F. Ochsenbein, Carsten Riether
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Research Article Hematology Stem cells

Tnfrsf4-expressing regulatory T cells promote immune escape of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells

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Abstract

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) promote the disease and seem resistant to therapy and immune control. Why LSCs are selectively resistant against elimination by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that LSCs in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can be recognized and killed by CD8+ CTLs in vitro. However, Tregs, which preferentially localized close to CD8+ CTLs in CML BM, protected LSCs from MHC class I–dependent CD8+ CTL–mediated elimination in vivo. BM Tregs in CML were characterized by the selective expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 4 (Tnfrsf4). Stimulation of Tnfrsf4 signaling did not deplete Tregs but reduced the capacity of Tregs to protect LSCs from CD8+ CTL–mediated killing. In the BM of newly diagnosed CML patients, TNFRSF4 mRNA levels were significantly increased and correlated with the expression of the Treg-restricted transcription factor FOXP3. Overall, these results identify Tregs as key regulators of immune escape of LSCs and TNFRSF4 as a potential target to reduce the function of Tregs and boost antileukemic immunity in CML.

Authors

Magdalena Hinterbrandner, Viviana Rubino, Carina Stoll, Stefan Forster, Noah Schnüriger, Ramin Radpour, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Adrian F. Ochsenbein, Carsten Riether

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Figure 4

CD8+ CTLs from the BM of CML mice eradicate LSCs by perforin-mediated killing in vitro and in vivo.

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CD8+ CTLs from the BM of CML mice eradicate LSCs by perforin-mediated ki...
(A) BL/6 LSCs were cultured in the presence and absence of BM CD8+ CTLs from CML-bearing BL/6 overnight at a ratio of 1:1 in triplicate followed by plating in methylcellulose. Colonies were enumerated 7 days later. For secondary platings, cells isolated from primary colony assays were replated in methylcellulose in the absence of T cells; t test (Groups: LSCs, n = 3 mice; LSCs + CML CD8, n = 4). (B) BL/6 LSCs were cultured overnight in the presence and absence of CD8+ CTLs derived from the BM of perforin-proficient and -deficient CML mice at a ratio of 1:1 in triplicate followed by plating in methylcellulose. Colonies were enumerated 7 days later; 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison (Groups: LSCs, n = 3 mice; LSCs + BL/6 CML CD8, n = 6; LSCs + Prf–/– CML CD8, n = 4). (C–L) BCR-ABL1-GFP–transduced LSKs were injected i.v. into nonirradiated BL/6 (n = 7) and Prf–/– (n = 8) recipient mice. (D–G) Spleen weight; t test (BL/6 CML, n = 7 mice; Prf–/– CML, n = 8 mice), absolute numbers of L-splenocytes, of L-lin–, and LSCs in the BM of CML mice; t test (BL/6 CML, n = 7 mice; Prf–/– CML, n = 8 mice) 15 days after CML induction. (H) Gating strategy to define LSC subpopulations; cells are pregated on lin–GFP+Sca-1+c-kit+ cells. Representative images from 1 of n = 7 (BL/6) and 1 of n = 8 Prf–/– CML mice are shown. (I–L) Absolute numbers of LSC subpopulations; t tests (BL/6 CML, n = 7 mice; Prf–/– CML, n = 8 mice). (M) BM cells from primary BL/6 (n = 7) and Prf–/– (n = 8) CML mice were injected i.v. into lethally irradiated secondary BL/6 recipients, and survival was monitored; log-rank test. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.

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