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Delineating the short- and long-term impact of ionizing radiation on antigen-inexperienced CD8+ T cell subsets
Mohammad Heidarian, Shravan K. Kannan, Whitney Swanson, Thomas S. Griffith, John T. Harty, Vladimir P. Badovinac
Mohammad Heidarian, Shravan K. Kannan, Whitney Swanson, Thomas S. Griffith, John T. Harty, Vladimir P. Badovinac
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Research Article Immunology Inflammation

Delineating the short- and long-term impact of ionizing radiation on antigen-inexperienced CD8+ T cell subsets

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Abstract

Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) remains a challenging side effect of radiation therapy that is often associated with poor prognosis and reduced overall survival. Although CD8+ T cells are highly radiosensitive, the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes to the CD8+ T cell pool following exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) remain understudied. Herein, we sought to determine the long-term impact of sublethal whole body irradiation (WBI) on the antigen-inexperienced (Ag-inexperienced) CD8+ T cell pool, comprising naive (TN) and virtual memory (TVM) CD8+ T cells. We show that although both TN and TVM cells gradually regenerated after WBI-induced loss, TN recovery occurred only through de novo thymic production. Despite the numerical restoration, the subset and phenotypic composition of postrecovery Ag-inexperienced CD8+ T cells did not qualitatively recapitulate the pre-WBI state. Specifically, the frequency of TVM cells is increased, especially during the early stages of recovery. Within the TN subset, a lasting overrepresentation of Ly6C+CD122+ cells and an altered TCR clonotype diversity are also observed. Overall, our data highlight the dynamic changes to the Ag-inexperienced CD8+ T cell pool upon recovery from RIL

Authors

Mohammad Heidarian, Shravan K. Kannan, Whitney Swanson, Thomas S. Griffith, John T. Harty, Vladimir P. Badovinac

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Figure 6

Acquisition of virtual memory phenotype by a fraction of proliferating TN cells after WBI.

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Acquisition of virtual memory phenotype by a fraction of proliferating T...
(A) Experimental design: Thy1.2+ hosts were subjected to 0 Gy or 5 Gy dose of WBI. At 28 days later, the number and phenotype of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells specific for GP33-41, B8R20-27, GAP41-48, and OVA257-264 were determined using pMHC class I tetramer-based enrichment from spleens. (B) Representative flow plots showing gating strategy used to detect Ag-specific CD8+ T cell precursors and (C) virtual memory phenotype (CD44hiCD49loLy6C+) from Ag-specific CD8+ T cell precursors in 0 Gy and 5 Gy mice. (D) Absolute number and (E) frequency of virtual memory phenotype of Db-restricted GP33-41– and GAP5040-48–specific and Kb-restricted B8R20-27– and OVA257-264–specific CD8+ T cells. (F) Experimental design: 7.5 × 105 naive P14 CD8+ T cells were adoptively transferred to Thy1.2+ naive hosts that had undergone 0 Gy or 5 Gy WBI 2 days prior. Longitudinal blood analysis was performed at indicated time points. (G) Number of endogenous (left) and P14 (right) virtual memory (TVM) CD8+ T cells in 0 Gy and 5 Gy hosts at indicated time points after WBI. Data in A–E are from a single experiment, and F and G are representative of 2 independent experiments with n = 5–8 mice per group in each experiment. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired multiple t tests with Holm-Šídák multiple-comparison post hoc test or 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons post hoc test using GraphPad Prism. Graphs show the mean ± SEM with each symbol representing 1 mouse. Individual P values are noted on respective graphs or are summarized as follows: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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