Usage Information
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2025;10(1):e182515. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.182515.
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the maintenance of liver immune homeostasis, but the mechanism by which hepatic macrophages regulate Tregs in acute liver injury remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the hepatic Treg proportion and β-catenin expression in hepatic macrophages were associated with acetaminophen- and d-galactosamine/LPS–induced acute liver injury. Interestingly, β-catenin was markedly upregulated only in infiltrating macrophages but not in resident Kupffer cells. Myeloid-specific β-catenin–knockout mice showed an increased inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte apoptosis. Moreover, myeloid β-catenin deficiency decreased the hepatic Treg proportion in the injured liver. Mechanistically, in vitro coculture experiments revealed that macrophage β-catenin modulated its exosome composition and influenced Treg differentiation. Using mass spectrometry–based proteomics, we identified that macrophage β-catenin activation increased the level of exosomal alpha soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP), which in turn promoted Treg differentiation. Overall, our findings demonstrated a molecular mechanism that macrophage β-catenin regulated the Treg proportion in the liver by enhancing the expression of exosomal α-SNAP, providing insights into the pathophysiology of acute liver injury.
Authors
Ruobin Zong, Yujie Liu, Mengya Zhang, Buwei Liu, Wei Zhang, Hankun Hu, Changyong Li
Usage data is cumulative from November 2024 through November 2025.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 1,822 | 228 |
| 341 | 51 | |
| Figure | 294 | 3 |
| Supplemental data | 259 | 10 |
| Citation downloads | 106 | 0 |
| Totals | 2,822 | 292 |
| Total Views | 3,114 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
