Corrigendum
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10.1172/jci.insight.181901
Longitudinal trajectories of branched chain amino acids through young adulthood and diabetes in later life
Konrad T. Sawicki, Hongyan Ning, Norrina B. Allen, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Amisha Wallia, James D. Otvos, Issam Ben-Sahra, Elizabeth M. McNally, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, and John T. Wilkins
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Published June 10, 2024 - More info
JCI Insight. 2024;9(11):e181901. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.181901.
© 2024 Sawicki et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), measured at a single time point in middle life, are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the longitudinal patterns of change in BCAAs through young adulthood and their association with DM in later life are unknown.METHODS We serially measured BCAAs over 28 years in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective cohort of apparently healthy Black and White young adults at baseline. Trajectories of circulating BCAA concentrations from years 2–30 (for prevalent DM) or years 2–20 (for incident DM) were determined by latent class modeling.RESULTS Among 3,081 apparently healthy young adults, trajectory analysis from years 2–30 revealed 3 distinct BCAA trajectory groups: low-stable (n = 1,427), moderate-stable (n = 1,384), and high-increasing (n = 270) groups. Male sex, higher body mass index, and higher atherogenic lipid fractions were more common in the moderate-stable and high-increasing groups. Higher risk of prevalent DM was associated with the moderate-stable (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.90–3.55) and high-increasing (OR = 6.03, 95% CI: 3.86–9.43) BCAA trajectory groups in adjusted models. A separate trajectory group analysis from years 2–20 for incident DM after year 20 showed that moderate-stable and high-increasing trajectory groups were also significantly associated with higher risk of incident DM, after adjustment for clinical variables and glucose levels.CONCLUSION BCAA levels track over a 28-year span in most young adults, but serial clinical metabolomic measurements identify subpopulations with rising levels associated with high risk of DM in later life.FUNDING This research was supported by the NIH, under grants R01 HL146844 (JTW) and T32 HL069771 (MRC). The CARDIA study is conducted and supported by the NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I and HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), the University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I).
Authors
Konrad T. Sawicki, Hongyan Ning, Norrina B. Allen, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Amisha Wallia, James D. Otvos, Issam Ben-Sahra, Elizabeth M. McNally, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, John T. Wilkins
Original citation JCI Insight. 2023;8(8):e166956. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.166956
Citation for this corrigendum: JCI Insight. 2024;9(10):e181901. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.181901
The authors were recently notified by a reader of a potential error in the units for branched-chain amino acids. After review, the authors confirmed that the reported units (mg/dL) in the Results section, Graphical Abstract, Figures 2 and 3, and Supplemental Tables 1, 2, 4, and 5 were incorrect. The correct units are µmol/L. The corrected section of the Results section, the updated Graphical Abstract, and correct versions of Figures 2 and 3 appear below. The supplemental material file has been updated with the correct versions of Supplemental Tables 1, 2, 4, and 5. The HTML and PDF versions of the article have been updated online.
The authors regret the error.
Results
Longitudinal trajectories of circulating BCAAs from the year 2 to 30 exams.
The annualized rate of change in mean total BCAA levels from year 2 to year 30 examinations by trajectory group was 0.5 µmol/L/y in the low-stable group, 0.9 µmol/L/y in the moderate-stable group, and 2.3 µmol/L/y in the high-increasing group (Supplemental Table 4).
Association of longitudinal BCAA trajectories with incident DM at year 30.
The annualized rate of change in total BCAA levels from year 2 to year 30 examinations by trajectory group was 0.8 µmol/L in the low-stable group, 0.9 µmol/L in the moderate-stable group, and 1.9 µmol/L in the high-increasing group (Supplemental Table 5).
