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HPV8-induced STAT3 activation led keratinocyte stem cell expansion in human actinic keratoses
Huw J. Morgan, … , Marisa Gariglio, Girish K. Patel
Huw J. Morgan, … , Marisa Gariglio, Girish K. Patel
Published June 25, 2024
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2024;9(15):e177898. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.177898.
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Research Article Cell biology Stem cells

HPV8-induced STAT3 activation led keratinocyte stem cell expansion in human actinic keratoses

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Abstract

Despite epidermal turnover, the skin is host to a complex array of microbes, including viruses, such as HPV, which must infect and manipulate skin keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) to survive. This crosstalk between the virome and KSC populations remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of HPV8 on KSCs using various mouse models. We observed that the HPV8 early region gene E6 specifically caused Lrig1+ hair follicle junctional zone KSC proliferation and expansion, which would facilitate viral transmission. Within Lrig1+ KSCs specifically, HPV8 E6 bound intracellular p300 to phosphorylate the STAT3 transcriptional regulatory node. This induced ΔNp63 expression, resulting in KSC expansion into the overlying epidermis. HPV8 was associated with 70% of human actinic keratoses. Together, these results define the “hit-and-run” mechanism for HPV8 in human actinic keratosis as an expansion of KSCs, which lack melanosome protection and are thus susceptible to sun light–induced malignant transformation.

Authors

Huw J. Morgan, Carlotta Olivero, Boris Y. Shorning, Alex Gibbs, Alexandra L. Phillips, Lokapriya Ananthan, Annabelle Xiao Hui Lim, Licia Martuscelli, Cinzia Borgogna, Marco De Andrea, Martin Hufbauer, Richard Goodwin, Baki Akgül, Marisa Gariglio, Girish K. Patel

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Figure 5

HPV8 E6 p300 interaction activates STAT3.

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HPV8 E6 p300 interaction activates STAT3.
(A) pSTAT3 Y705 immunoblot, wi...
(A) pSTAT3 Y705 immunoblot, with laminin A/C control, of nuclear extracts from transduced HaCaT keratinocytes (n = 3). (B) qPCR of RNA from transduced HaCaT keratinocytes for STAT3-regulated genes, with β-actin as control (n = 3). (C) Immunoblot of ΔNp63 and involucrin, with GAPDH as control, of transduced HaCaT keratinocytes cultured in high-calcium (60 μm) media for 3 and 5 days (n = 3). (D–F) Proliferation (n = 3) (D), CFE assay (n = 7) (E), and migration (n = 3) (F) of transduced HaCaT keratinocytes. (G) String analysis demonstrating the interaction of known HPV8 E6 protein binding partners and STAT3. Line colors define interactions as experimentally determined (pink) or from curated database (blue). (H) p300 with GAPDH control immunoblot of WT and HPV8-E2tg, -E6tg and -E7tg mouse keratinocytes (n = 3/genotype). (I) p300, α-tubulin, and DAPI immunofluorescence labeling of transduced HaCaT keratinocytes (n = 3). Scale bar: 40mm. (J) p300, pSTAT3 Y705, and ΔNp63 immunoblot, with GAPDH endogenous control, of HPV8 E6–transduced HaCaT keratinocytes treated with scrambled control and p300 targeting siRNA (n = 3). (K) STAT3 and ΔNp63 immunoblot, with GAPDH control, of HPV8 E6–transduced HaCaT keratinocytes treated with scrambled control and STAT3 targeting siRNA (n = 3). (L) Immunoblot of STAT3 immunoprecipitated nuclear protein from vector and HPV8 E6–transduced HaCaT keratinocytes probed for acetylated STAT3 and total STAT3 (n = 3). (M) qPCR analysis of ΔNp63 primers on STAT3 chromatin immunoprecipitants in HPV8 E6–transduced HaCaT keratinocytes relative to vector (n = 3). Schematic of the 5′-flanking region indicating primers sequences relative to STAT3-RE and ΔNp63 TSS. See also Supplemental Figure 4. Statistical tests included (A, C–F, H, and I) 1-way ANOVA and (B and J–M) 2-tailed Student’s t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.

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