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Clinical Research and Public HealthIn-Press PreviewClinical trialsNeuroscience Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.159863

Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Mette K. Klausen,1 Mathias E. Jensen,1 Marco Møller,1 Nina le Dous,1 Anne-Marie Ø Jensen,1 Victoria A. Zeeman,1 Claas-Frederik Johannsen,1 Alycia M. Lee,2 Gerda K. Thomsen,3 Julian Macoveanu,1 Patrick M Fisher,3 Matthew P. Gillum,4 Niklas R. Jørgensen,5 Marianne L. Bergmann,6 Henrik Enghusen Poulsen,7 Ulrik Becker,8 Jens Juul Holst,9 Helene Benveniste,10 Nora D. Volkow,11 Sabine Vollstädt-Klein,12 Kamilla W. Miskowiak,13 Claus T. Ekstrøm,14 Gitte M. Knudsen,3 Tina Visboll,15 and Anders Fink-Jensen1

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Klausen, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Jensen, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Møller, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by le Dous, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Jensen, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Zeeman, V. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Johannsen, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Lee, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Thomsen, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Macoveanu, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Fisher, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Gillum, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Jørgensen, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Bergmann, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Becker, U. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Holst, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Benveniste, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Volkow, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Vollstädt-Klein, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Miskowiak, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Ekstrøm, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Knudsen, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Find articles by Visboll, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

2Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

3Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

6Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

7Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

8National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

10Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America

11NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America

12Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

13Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

14Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

15Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Published September 6, 2022 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.159863.
Copyright © 2022, Klausen et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published September 6, 2022 - Version history
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Abstract

BACKGROUND. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder that accounts for 5% of deaths annually, and there is an urgent need to develop new targets for therapeutic intervention. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide reduces alcohol consumption in rodents and non-human primates, but its efficacy in patients with AUD is unknown.

METHODS. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, treatment-seeking AUD patients were assigned to receive exenatide (2 mg subcutaneously) or placebo once weekly for 26-weeks, in addition to standard cognitive-behavioral therapy. The primary outcome was reduction in number of heavy drinking days. A subgroup also completed fMRI and SPECT brain scans.

RESULTS. A total of 127 patients were enrolled. Our data revealed that although exenatide did not significantly reduce the number of heavy drinking days compared to placebo, it significantly attenuated fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity in the ventral striatum and septal area, which are crucial brain areas for drug reward and addiction. In addition, the dopamine transporter availability was lower in the exenatide group compared to the placebo group. Exploratory analyses revealed that exenatide significantly reduced heavy drinking days and total alcohol intake in a subgroup of obese patients (BMI>30 kg/m2). Adverse events were mainly gastrointestinal.

CONCLUSIONS. This first RCT on the effects of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in AUD provides new important knowledge on the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a novel treatment target in addiction.

TRIAL REGISTRATION. EudraCT: 2016-003343-11 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232112

FUNDING. The Novavi Foundation; The Research Foundation, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark; The Research Foundation, Capital Region of Denmark; The Ivan Nielsen Foundation; The A.P. Moeller and wife Chastine Mc-Kinney Moellers Family Foundation; The Augustinus Foundation; The Woerzner Foundation; Grosserer L.F Foghts Foundation; The Hartmann Foundation; The Aase and Ejnar Danielsen Foundation; The P.A. Messerschmidt and wife foundation and The Lundbeck Foundation. The funding sources and the manufacturer of exenatide once weekly (Bydureon®, AstraZeneca), had no influence on the trial design or data analysis.

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  • Version 2 (October 10, 2022): Electronic publication
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