TIAM1-KD or -OE pericytes or indicated control were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of adult athymic nude male mice (Charles River Laboratories strain code: 490) using a demineralized bone matrix carrier (3 million cells/50 mg DBX). Assessments were performed after 8 weeks. (A–K) TIAM1-KD pericyte implants in relation to scramble siRNA pericytes. (A) Representative 2-dimensional μCT images, (B) 3-dimensional μCT reconstructions, and quantification of (C) bone volume (BV) and (D) fractional bone volume (BV/TV). Histology by (E) H&E staining. (F) Osteocalcin (OCN) immunohistochemistry in red and human nuclei (HuNu) in green, with (G) OCN quantification. (H) Perilipin 1 (Plin1) immunohistochemistry in red and HuNu in green (yellow arrow points out cell coexpression of both OCN and HuNu) and (I) Plin1 quantification. (J–R) TIAM1 OE pericyte implants in relation to pCMV vector control pericytes. (J) Representative 2-dimensional μCT images, (K) 3-dimensional μCT reconstructions, and quantification of (L) BV and (M) BV/TV. Histology by (N) H&E staining. (O) OCN immunohistochemistry in red and HuNu in green, with (P) OCN quantification. (Q) Plin1 immunohistochemistry in red and HuNu in green, and (R) Plin1 quantification. Dotted white lines demarcate edges of the DBX area (“D”). Scale bar (all image panels): 20 μm. All quantitative data normalized to acellular control (DBX control). Each dot in the scatterplots represents an individual implantation site. N = 4 implants per group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-sample Student’s t test.