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Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 controls skin carcinogenesis and psoriasis by shaping the gut microbiota
Yoshimi Miki, … , Makoto Arita, Makoto Murakami
Yoshimi Miki, … , Makoto Arita, Makoto Murakami
Published January 25, 2022
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2022;7(2):e152611. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.152611.
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Research Article Inflammation Microbiology

Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 controls skin carcinogenesis and psoriasis by shaping the gut microbiota

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Abstract

Besides promoting inflammation by mobilizing lipid mediators, group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) prevents bacterial infection by degrading bacterial membranes. Here, we show that, despite the restricted intestinal expression of sPLA2-IIA in BALB/c mice, its genetic deletion leads to amelioration of cancer and exacerbation of psoriasis in distal skin. Intestinal expression of sPLA2-IIA is reduced after treatment with antibiotics or under germ-free conditions, suggesting its upregulation by gut microbiota. Metagenome, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses have revealed that sPLA2-IIA deficiency alters the gut microbiota, accompanied by notable changes in the intestinal expression of genes related to immunity and metabolism, as well as in the levels of various blood metabolites and fecal bacterial lipids, suggesting that sPLA2-IIA contributes to shaping of the gut microbiota. The skin phenotypes in Pla2g2a–/– mice are lost (a) when they are cohoused with littermate WT mice, resulting in the mixing of the microbiota between the genotypes, or (b) when they are housed in a more stringent pathogen-free facility, where Pla2g2a expression in WT mice is low and the gut microbial compositions in both genotypes are nearly identical. Thus, our results highlight a potentially new aspect of sPLA2-IIA as a modulator of gut microbiota, perturbation of which affects distal skin responses.

Authors

Yoshimi Miki, Yoshitaka Taketomi, Yuh Kidoguchi, Kei Yamamoto, Kazuaki Muramatsu, Yasumasa Nishito, Jonguk Park, Koji Hosomi, Kenji Mizuguchi, Jun Kunisawa, Tomoyoshi Soga, Eric Boilard, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Kazutaka Ikeda, Makoto Arita, Makoto Murakami

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Figure 1

Altered skin carcinogenesis and PCA reaction in Pla2g2a–/– mice.

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Altered skin carcinogenesis and PCA reaction in Pla2g2a–/– mice.
(A) The...
(A) The procedure for DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis. (B) Representative photos at 24 weeks after DMBA/TPA treatment. (C and D) Time course of tumor number (C) and tumor incidence (D) in Pla2g2a+/+ and Pla2g2a–/– mice after DMBA/TPA treatment (n = 6–7). (E) Representative photos of the tumor and tumor volume in Pla2g2a+/+ and Pla2g2a–/– mice at 24 weeks (n = 5–15). (F) qPCR of several immune cell markers in the skin of Pla2g2a+/+ and Pla2g2a–/– mice with or without DMBA/TPA treatment for 24 weeks (n = 5–7). (G) Flow cytometry of M1- and M2-like macrophages in the skin of Pla2g2a+/+ and Pla2g2a–/– mice at 24 weeks (n = 3–4). (H) qPCR of cytokines in the skin of Pla2g2a+/+ and Pla2g2a–/– mice with or without DMBA/TPA treatment at 24 weeks (n = 5–7). (I) Toluidine blue staining of skin sections from Pla2g2a+/+ and Pla2g2a–/– mice with or without DMBA/TPA treatment at 24 weeks. Scale bars: 100 μm. (J) Counts of total and degranulated mast cells in I (n = 6–9). Data are shown as mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. P values were calculated by Multiple t test using the Holm-Sidak method (C), Mann-Whitney U test (E), Student t test (G), and 1-way ANOVA (F, H, and J). Data are representative of 3 experiments (B–E) or from 1 experiment (F–J).

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