(A) In vivo imaging of mice transplanted with control and APH cells. Tx, transplantation. (B) Growth of grafted cells in mice after transplantation quantified by the bioluminescence intensity. Differentiation efficiency and graft growth in controls are variable but consistent in APH treatment. Black and blue lines show mice transplanted with control clusters (black, approximately 20% differentiation efficiency, n = 4; blue, >60%, n = 3). (C) Fold change of graft growth in control and APH mice. *Mann-Whitney U test with P < 0.05. (D) Grafts in the legs of mice transplanted with equal number of cells in control and APH group at 20 weeks (black circles, graft location). (E and F) Cell composition determined by immunostaining in mice transplanted with control and APH cells. *cysts. (Pictures with white line: close-ups.) Scale bar: 100 μm. (G) Quantification of MAFA- and INS-positive cells (control: 2 grafts from 2 mice from 1 batch of differentiation, INS⁺ cells counted from 3 sections; APH: 2 grafts from 2 mice from 2 batches of differentiation, INS⁺ cells counted from 3 sections) and KI67-positive cells (control: 2 grafts from 2 mice from 1 batch of differentiation, cells counted from 5 sections; APH: 3 grafts from 3 mice from 2 batches of differentiation, cells counted from 6 sections) (Supplemental Table 6). Two-tailed paired t test *P < 0.05. (H) Representative day 34 cell cycle distribution with day 15–day 27 APH pretreatment (n = 2). (I) Cell growth in mice after transplantation of cells pretreated with APH measured by bioluminescence intensity. Two-way ANOVA *P < 0.05 (0.1APH vs. 1APH); ****P < 0.0001 (0.1, 0.25, 1APH vs. control). (J) Human C-peptide secretion in mice transplanted with APH-treated cells. Two-way ANOVA **P < 0.05 (0.1APH vs. 0.25APH in black; 0.25APH vs. control in color ); ****P < 0.0001 (0.1APH vs. 1APH in black; 1APH vs. control in color).