Chronic liver disease and impaired hepatic glycogen metabolism in argininosuccinate lyase deficiency

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Abstract

BACKGROUND Liver disease in urea cycle disorders (UCDs) ranges from hepatomegaly and chronic hepatocellular injury to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. However, the prevalence and underlying mechanisms are unclear.METHODS We estimated the prevalence of chronic hepatocellular injury in UCDs using data from a multicenter, longitudinal, natural history study. We also used ultrasound with shear wave elastography and FibroTest to evaluate liver stiffness and markers of fibrosis in individuals with argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD), a disorder with high prevalence of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). To understand the human observations, we evaluated the hepatic phenotype of the AslNeo/Neo mouse model of ASLD.RESULTS We demonstrate a high prevalence of elevated ALT in ASLD (37%). Hyperammonemia and use of nitrogen-scavenging agents, 2 markers of disease severity, were significantly (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) associated with elevated ALT in ASLD. In addition, ultrasound with shear wave elastography and FibroTest revealed increased echogenicity and liver stiffness, even in individuals with ASLD and normal aminotransferases. The AslNeo/Neo mice mimic the human disorder with hepatomegaly, elevated aminotransferases, and excessive hepatic glycogen noted before death (3–5 weeks of age). This excessive hepatic glycogen is associated with impaired hepatic glycogenolysis and decreased glycogen phosphorylase and is rescued with helper-dependent adenovirus expressing Asl using a liver-specific (ApoE) promoter.CONCLUSION Our results link urea cycle dysfunction and impaired hepatic glucose metabolism and identify a mouse model of liver disease in the setting of urea cycle dysfunction.TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03721367, NCT00237315).FUNDING Funding was provided by NIH, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, NUCDF, Genzyme/ACMG Foundation, and CPRIT.

Authors

Lindsay C. Burrage, Simran Madan, Xiaohui Li, Saima Ali, Mahmoud Mohammad, Bridget M. Stroup, Ming-Ming Jiang, Racel Cela, Terry Bertin, Zixue Jin, Jian Dai, Danielle Guffey, Milton Finegold, Members of the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC), Sandesh Nagamani, Charles G. Minard, Juan Marini, Prakash Masand, Deborah Schady, Benjamin L. Shneider, Daniel H. Leung, Deeksha Bali, Brendan Lee