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ResearchIn-Press PreviewCell biologyImmunology Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.199988

Regulatory B cells contribute to allergen-encapsulating nanoparticle immunotherapy efficacy for food allergy

Laila M. Rad,1 Michael N. Saunders,1 Laura A. Williams,1 Katarzyna W. Janczak,2 Chris L. Dorsett,2 Kate V. Griffin,1 Elizabeth J. Bealer,1 Jeffrey A. Ma,1 Sayre A. Tillery,1 Jyotirmoy Roy,1 Stephen D. Miller,3 Jessica J. O'Konek,2 and Lonnie D. Shea1

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Rad, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Saunders, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Williams, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Janczak, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Dorsett, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Griffin, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Bealer, E. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Ma, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Tillery, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Roy, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Miller, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by O'Konek, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

2Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America

3Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America

Find articles by Shea, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published June 9, 2026 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.199988.
Copyright © 2026, Rad et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published June 9, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of food allergies as they induce allergen-specific antibody production. Clinically-used allergen-specific immunotherapies have shown to induce regulatory B cell (Bregs) subsets as well as target and reduce allergy-driving B cell functions. This report aims to elucidate the contribution of regulatory B cells to an allergen-encapsulating nanoparticle (aeNP) immunotherapy in a murine model of food allergy. In this model, B cells directly associated with aeNPs. CD20+ B cell depletion after aeNP treatment increased the number of mice with severe allergic reactions during oral food challenges and reduced the expansion of regulatory immune cells including CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) and CCR9+ gut-homing regulatory T cells, indicating that B cells are a component of aeNP immunomodulation. B cell communication in the gastrointestinal tract of aeNP-treated mice identified CD23 signaling as a potential inducer of regulatory CD103+ DC functions and disrupter of allergy-driving B cell-T cell communication. These tolerogenic signaling patterns were also identified in IL-10+ B cells, which have been known to impart regulatory immune effects in both murine and human disease. Ultimately, B cells are a component of the complex immunomodulation leading to aeNP efficacy at reducing allergic reactivity.

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