Usage Information
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) persists as the primary cause of death among patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Protein ubiquitination has been implicated as a key modulator of HF pathogenesis, yet the role of ubiquitination in the Aldh2 rs671 mutant — the most common single-nucleotide variant in human populations — remains poorly understood. We discovered TRIM21 as a previously unrecognized E3 ubiquitin ligase for the ALDH2 rs671 mutant and elucidated its mechanistic involvement in HF progression. Using Aldh2 BM chimeric mice to model AMI, we observed that WT mice transplanted with Aldh2 rs671 donor BM developed severe myocardial fibrosis and markedly reduced cardiac systolic function 2 weeks after infarction compared with controls. This phenotype arose from defective macrophage efferocytosis caused by myeloid-specific Aldh2 rs671 mutation. Through high-resolution mass spectrometry proteomics, we identified TRIM21 as the E3 ligase targeting ALDH2. TRIM21 catalyzed K48-linked ubiquitination at ALDH2 lysine 73. Macrophage-specific Trim21 knockdown via AAV-shTrim21 reversed both the exacerbated cardiac fibrosis and systolic dysfunction by restoring macrophage efferocytosis. These findings delineate the upstream E3 ubiquitin ligase and the ubiquitination site of ALDH2, revealing a potential therapeutic target for HF.
Authors
Tianrui Han, Xin Wen, Yunyun Guo, Xiangkai Zhao, Jian Zhang, Yuguo Chen, Feng Xu
Usage data is cumulative from February 2026 through July 2026.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 1,841 | 0 |
| 474 | 0 | |
| Figure | 951 | 0 |
| Supplemental data | 569 | 0 |
| Citation downloads | 311 | 0 |
| Totals | 4,146 | 0 |
| Total Views | 4,146 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
