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Abstract
Bone homeostasis primarily stems from the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, wherein an augmented number or heightened activity of osteoclasts is a prevalent etiological factor in the development of bone loss. Nuclear Dbf2-related kinase (NDR2), also known as STK38L, is a member of the Hippo family with serine/threonine kinase activity. We unveiled an upregulation of NDR2 expression during osteoclast differentiation. Manipulation of NDR2 levels through knockdown or overexpression facilitated or hindered osteoclast differentiation, respectively, indicating a negative feedback role for NDR2 in the osteoclastogenesis. Myeloid NDR2-dificient mice (Lysm+NDR2fl/fl) showed lower bone mass and further exacerbated ovariectomy-induced or aging-related bone loss. Mechanically, NDR2 enhanced autophagy and mitophagy through mediating ULK1 instability. In addition, ULK1 inhibitor (ULK1-IN2) ameliorated NDR2 conditional KO–induced bone loss. Finally, we clarified a significant inverse association between NDR2 expression and the occurrence of osteoporosis in patients. The NDR2/ULK1/mitophagy axis is a potential innovative therapeutic target for the prevention and management of bone loss.
Authors
Xiangxi Kong, Zhi Shan, Yihao Zhao, Siyue Tao, Jingyun Chen, Zhongyin Ji, Jiayan Jin, Junhui Liu, Wenlong Lin, Xiao-jian Wang, Jian Wang, Fengdong Zhao, Bao Huang, Jian Chen
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