(A) Proteins were extracted from BMMs at different time points of osteoclast induction, and Western blot was performed. The concentrations of M-CSF and RANKL used were 50 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL, respectively. (B) The mRNA levels of the NDR2 were assessed at various time points during osteoclast differentiation using qPCR (n = 6). (C) NDR2 protein expression was examined in BMMs treated with different concentrations of RANKL for 48 hours. (D) qPCR analysis was performed to assess the mRNA levels of the NDR2 after 48 hours of treatment with varying concentrations of RANKL (n = 6). (E) Representative images of NDR2 fluorescence staining were obtained, with NDR2 shown in green, F-actin in red, and DAPI in blue. (F) Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the intensity of NDR2 fluorescence (n = 3). (G) BMMs were transfected with NDR2 siRNA for 12 hours, followed by induction treatment with RANKL (25 ng/mL) for 5 days and subsequent TRAP staining. (H) Statistical analysis was performed on the area of TRAP⁺ osteoclasts (n = 3). (I) BMMs were subjected to TRAP staining 5 days after RANKL stimulation. (J) Western blotting was conducted on MC3T3-E1 cells that were subjected to a 7-day period of osteogenic induction in order to evaluate the protein levels associated with bone formation. (K) Alizarin red staining was used to visualize mineralized nodules after 21 days of osteogenic induction, while alkaline phosphatase staining was utilized to detect early-stage osteoblastic differentiation after 14 days. Statistical analyses were determined by 2-tailed Student’s t test (F) or 1-way ANOVA (B, D, and H). ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data were presented as mean ± SD.