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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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1Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
4Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
6Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
7Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vegata, Rome, Italy
8Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
9Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
10Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
11Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
12Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Piconese, S.
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Published July 2, 2024 - More info
Beside suppressing immune responses, regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain tissue homeostasis and control systemic metabolism. Whether iron is involved in Treg-mediated tolerance is completely unknown. Here, we showed that the transferrin receptor CD71 was upregulated on activated Tregs infiltrating human liver cancer. Mice with a Treg-restricted CD71 deficiency spontaneously developed a scurfy-like disease, caused by impaired perinatal Treg expansion. CD71-null Tregs displayed decreased proliferation and tissue-Treg signature loss. In perinatal life, CD71 deficiency in Tregs triggered hepatic iron overload response, characterized by increased hepcidin transcription and iron accumulation in macrophages. Lower bacterial diversity, and reduction of beneficial species, were detected in the fecal microbiota of CD71 conditional knock-out neonates. Our findings indicate that CD71-mediated iron absorption is required for Treg perinatal expansion and related to systemic iron homeostasis and bacterial gut colonization. Therefore, we hypothesize that Tregs establish nutritional tolerance through competition for iron during bacterial colonization after birth.