Usage Information
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2022;7(16):e159762. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.159762.
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. Here, we used targeted lipid profiling to characterize the biogeographic alterations of human epidermal lipids across 12 anatomically distinct body sites, and we used single-cell RNA-Seq to compare keratinocyte gene expression at acral and nonacral sites. We demonstrate that acral skin has low expression of EOS acyl-ceramides and the genes involved in their synthesis, as well as low expression of genes involved in filaggrin and keratin citrullination (PADI1 and PADI3) and corneodesmosome degradation, changes that are consistent with increased corneocyte retention. Several overarching principles governing epidermal lipid expression were also noted. For example, there was a strong negative correlation between the expression of 18-carbon and 22-carbon sphingoid base ceramides. Disease-specific alterations in epidermal lipid gene expression and their corresponding alterations to the epidermal lipidome were characterized. Lipid biomarkers with diagnostic utility for inflammatory and precancerous conditions were identified, and a 2-analyte diagnostic model of psoriasis was constructed using a step-forward algorithm. Finally, gene coexpression analysis revealed a strong connection between lipid and immune gene expression. This work highlights (a) mechanisms by which the epidermis is uniquely adapted for the specific environmental insults encountered at different body surfaces and (b) how inflammation-associated alterations in gene expression affect the epidermal lipidome.
Authors
Alexander A. Merleev, Stephanie T. Le, Claire Alexanian, Atrin Toussi, Yixuan Xie, Alina I. Marusina, Steven M. Watkins, Forum Patel, Allison C. Billi, Julie Wiedemann, Yoshihiro Izumiya, Ashish Kumar, Ranjitha Uppala, J. Michelle Kahlenberg, Fu-Tong Liu, Iannis E. Adamopoulos, Elizabeth A. Wang, Chelsea Ma, Michelle Y. Cheng, Halani Xiong, Amanda Kirane, Guillaume Luxardi, Bogi Andersen, Lam C. Tsoi, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Johann E. Gudjonsson, Emanual Maverakis
Usage data is cumulative from July 2022 through June 2023.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 7,497 | 246 |
| 1,050 | 67 | |
| Figure | 1,617 | 10 |
| Supplemental data | 1,508 | 41 |
| Citation downloads | 112 | 0 |
| Totals | 11,784 | 364 |
| Total Views | 12,148 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
