Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.147282.
Abstract
Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) is the predominant cause of early graft loss following lung transplantation. We recently demonstrated that donor pulmonary intravascular non-classical monocytes (NCM) initiate neutrophil recruitment. Simultaneously, host-origin classical monocytes (CM) permeabilize the vascular endothelium to allow neutrophil extravasation necessary for PGD. Here, we show that a CCL2-CCR2 axis is necessary for CM recruitment. Surprisingly, although intravital imaging and multichannel flowcytometry revealed that depletion of donor NCM abrogated CM recruitment, single-cell RNA-seq identified donor alveolar macrophages (AM) as predominant CCL2 secretors. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis of murine tissues combined with murine knockouts and chimeras indicated that IL1β production by donor NCM was responsible for the early activation of AM and CCL2 release. IL1β production by NCM was NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent and inhibited by treatment with a clinically approved sulphonylurea. Production of CCL2 in the donor AM occurred through IL1R-dependent activation of the PKC and NFκB-pathway. Accordingly, we show that IL1β-dependent paracrine interaction between donor NCM and AM leads to recruitment of recipient CM necessary for PGD. Since depletion of donor NCM, IL1β or IL1R antagonism, and inflammasome inhibition, abrogated recruitment of CM as well as PGD, and are feasible using FDA-approved compounds, our findings may have potential for clinical translation.
Authors
Chitaru Kurihara, Emilia Lecuona, Qiang Wu, Wenbin Yang, Felix L. Nunez-Santana, Mahzad Akbarpour, Xianpeng Liu, Ziyou Ren, Wenjun Li, Melissa Querrey, Sowmya Ravi, Megan L. Anderson, Emily Cerier, Haiying Sun, Megan E. Kelly, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Ali Shilatifard, Thalachallour Mohanakumar, G.R. Scott Budinger, Daniel Kreisel, Ankit Bharat
