(A) Experimental scheme: on day 0, NSG or NSG-GFP mice received intravenous injection of IPF cells and were treated twice a week with either 5 mg/kg of KB004 (an afucosylated anti-EphA3 mAb) or KB243 (an isotype control) via intraperitoneal injection for 5 weeks. (B) Hydroxyproline in nonhumanized NSG mice and humanized NSG mice that received either KB243 or KB004. Data shown are mean ± SEM; n = 4–5/group; *P ≤ 0.05 compared with control via 2-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (C) Representative images of Masson’s trichrome–stained lungs from nonhumanized, saline-treated NSG lungs and humanized NSG mice at day 35 after IPF cell injection and treatment with either KB243 or KB004. Shown are images taken at original magnification 50× (top) and 200× (bottom). (D) Depicted are representative images of GFP-stained NSG mouse lung (red indicates the presence of transgenic GFP⁺ mouse cells) at day 35 after IPF lung-derived cell injection in both the KB243 and KB004 treatment groups. (E–J) Flow cytometric analysis of cells in the lungs of nonhumanized and humanized NSG-GFP mice treated with either KB243 or KB004 antibodies. Representative dot plots depicting GFP^– cells staining for (from left to right) human CD45, CCR10, and/or EpCAM (E). Representative flow cytometric histogram (F) and respective average number of GFP^–CCR10⁺EphA3⁺ cells (G). Average number of GFP^–CD45⁺CCR10⁺ (H), GFP^–EpCAM⁺CCR10⁺ (I), and GFP^–Lin^–CCR10⁺ cells (J). Fold change in the levels of mouse Il6 mRNA (K). Data shown are mean ± SEM; n = 4–5/group (A–J) and n = 2–4 (K). P value indicated or *P ≤ 0.05 via 1-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.