Usage Information
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2019;4(8):e126747. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.126747.
Abstract
Changes in neuronal activity alter blood flow to match energy demand with the supply of oxygen and nutrients. This functional hyperemia is maintained by interactions among neurons, vascular cells, and glia. However, how changing neuronal activity prevalent at the onset of neurodegenerative disease affects neurovascular elements is unclear. Here, in mice with photoreceptor degeneration, a model of neuron-specific dysfunction, we combined the assessment of visual function, neurovascular unit structure, and blood-retina barrier permeability. We found that the rod loss paralleled remodeling of the neurovascular unit, comprising photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and Muller glia. When substantial visual function was still present, blood flow became disrupted and the blood-retina barrier began to fail, facilitating cone loss and vision decline. Thus, in contrast to the established view, the vascular deficit in neuronal degeneration is not a late consequence of neuronal dysfunction but is present early in the course of disease. These findings further establish the importance of vascular deficit and blood-retina barrier function in neuron-specific loss and highlight it as a target for early therapeutic intervention.
Authors
Elena Ivanova, Nazia M. Alam, Glen T. Prusky, Botir T. Sagdullaev
Usage data is cumulative from March 2022 through March 2023.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 1,488 | 249 |
| 194 | 79 | |
| Figure | 677 | 3 |
| Citation downloads | 82 | 0 |
| Totals | 2,441 | 331 |
| Total Views | 2,772 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
