PPP2R2B hypermethylation causes acquired apoptosis deficiency in systemic autoimmune diseases

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Abstract

Chronic inflammation causes target organ damage in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. The factors that allow this protracted response are poorly understood. We analyzed the transcriptional regulation of PPP2R2B (B55β), a molecule necessary for the termination of the immune response, in patients with autoimmune diseases. Altered expression of B55β conditioned resistance to cytokine withdrawal–induced death (CWID) in patients with autoimmune diseases. The impaired upregulation of B55β was caused by inflammation-driven hypermethylation of specific cytosines located within a regulatory element of PPP2R2B preventing CCCTC-binding factor binding. This phenotype could be induced in healthy T cells by exposure to TNF-α. Our results reveal a gene whose expression is affected by an acquired defect, through an epigenetic mechanism, in the setting of systemic autoimmunity. Because failure to remove activated T cells through CWID could contribute to autoimmune pathology, this mechanism illustrates a vicious cycle through which autoimmune inflammation contributes to its own perpetuation.

Authors

Iris K. Madera-Salcedo, Beatriz E. Sánchez-Hernández, Yevgeniya Svyryd, Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez, Noé Rodríguez-Rodríguez, María Isabel Trejo-Zambrano, H. Benjamín García-González, Gabriela Hernández-Molina, Osvaldo M. Mutchinick, Jorge Alcocer-Varela, Florencia Rosetti, José C. Crispín