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PP2A enables IL-2 signaling by preserving IL-2Rβ chain expression during Treg development
Amir Sharabi, … , Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Amir Sharabi, … , Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Published March 26, 2019
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2019;4(9):e126294. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.126294.
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Research Article Cell biology

PP2A enables IL-2 signaling by preserving IL-2Rβ chain expression during Treg development

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Abstract

Tregs require IL-2 signaling for signal transducer and activator of transcription 5–mediated (STAT5-mediated) induction of Foxp3. Although phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a negative regulator of IL-2 production in effector T cells and Tregs do not produce IL-2, it is not known whether PP2A controls IL-2 signaling in Tregs. To explore the role of PP2A in IL-2 signaling in Tregs, we studied mice engineered to lack PP2A in all Foxp3-expressing cells. We report that PP2A is required to enable Foxp3 expression and to maintain sufficient numbers of Tregs in the thymus. We show for the first time to our knowledge that PP2A prevents the selective loss of surface IL-2Rβ and preserves IL-2R signaling potency in Tregs. The loss of IL-2Rβ in thymus- and spleen-derived Tregs that lack PP2A is because of increased sheddase activity. Pan-sheddase or selective ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10) inhibition, like forced expression of IL-2Rβ in PP2A-deficient Tregs, restored IL-2Rβ expression and signaling. Thus, PP2A restrains the sheddase activity of ADAM10 in Tregs to prevent the cleavage of IL-2Rβ from the cell surface to enable competent IL-2R signaling, which is essential for Tregs’ development and homeostasis.

Authors

Amir Sharabi, Hao Li, Isaac R. Kasper, Wenliang Pan, Esra Meidan, Maria G. Tsokos, Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos

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Figure 6

ADAM10 selectively cleaves surface IL-2Rβ in CD4+ Tregs, and PP2A inhibits ADAM10 and restores IL-2 signaling.

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ADAM10 selectively cleaves surface IL-2Rβ in CD4+ Tregs, and PP2A inhibi...
(A) Thymic CD4+ Tregs from KO and WT mice (n = 3) were screened for the mRNA expression of members in the ADAM family, and cumulative data (mean ± SEM) from 3 experiments are shown. (B) The mRNA expression of ADAM10 relative to β-actin in thymic CD4+ Tregs from WT mice (n = 3) that were incubated with the PP2A activator FTY720 (5 μM) or with the PP2A inhibitor OA (4 nM) for 4 hours. (C) The levels of soluble IL-2Rβ in the supernatants of thymic CD4+ Tregs from KO mice (n = 3) in the presence of the selective inhibitor ADAM10 (GI254023X) in different doses. (D) Representative flow cytometry histograms depicting the surface IL-2Rβ expression in thymic CD4+ Tregs from KO mice (n = 3) at baseline (accompanied by a dotted-line histogram representing the negative control) or in response to ADAM10 inhibitor (GI254023X; 10 μM; broken-line histogram), IL-2 (20 nM; dark-gray histogram), or their combination (light-gray histogram). Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) from 3 experiments are shown. (E) Soluble IL-2Rβ in the supernatants of thymic CD4+ Tregs from WT mice (n = 3) that were incubated with PP2A inhibitor OA (4 nM), ADAM10 inhibitor (GI254023X; 10 μM), or their combination. Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) from 3 experiments are shown. (F) Expression of p-STAT5 following ADAM10 inhibition (GI254023X; 10 μM) and IL-2 stimulation (20 nM) in thymic Tregs from WT (n = 3; dark-gray histogram) and KO (n = 3; light-gray histogram) mice. Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) from 3 experiments are shown.

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