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PP2A enables IL-2 signaling by preserving IL-2Rβ chain expression during Treg development
Amir Sharabi, … , Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Amir Sharabi, … , Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Published March 26, 2019
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2019;4(9):e126294. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.126294.
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Research Article Cell biology

PP2A enables IL-2 signaling by preserving IL-2Rβ chain expression during Treg development

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Abstract

Tregs require IL-2 signaling for signal transducer and activator of transcription 5–mediated (STAT5-mediated) induction of Foxp3. Although phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a negative regulator of IL-2 production in effector T cells and Tregs do not produce IL-2, it is not known whether PP2A controls IL-2 signaling in Tregs. To explore the role of PP2A in IL-2 signaling in Tregs, we studied mice engineered to lack PP2A in all Foxp3-expressing cells. We report that PP2A is required to enable Foxp3 expression and to maintain sufficient numbers of Tregs in the thymus. We show for the first time to our knowledge that PP2A prevents the selective loss of surface IL-2Rβ and preserves IL-2R signaling potency in Tregs. The loss of IL-2Rβ in thymus- and spleen-derived Tregs that lack PP2A is because of increased sheddase activity. Pan-sheddase or selective ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10) inhibition, like forced expression of IL-2Rβ in PP2A-deficient Tregs, restored IL-2Rβ expression and signaling. Thus, PP2A restrains the sheddase activity of ADAM10 in Tregs to prevent the cleavage of IL-2Rβ from the cell surface to enable competent IL-2R signaling, which is essential for Tregs’ development and homeostasis.

Authors

Amir Sharabi, Hao Li, Isaac R. Kasper, Wenliang Pan, Esra Meidan, Maria G. Tsokos, Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos

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Figure 3

PP2A prevents IL-2Rβ shedding and the formation of soluble IL-2Rβ by thymic CD4+ Tregs.

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PP2A prevents IL-2Rβ shedding and the formation of soluble IL-2Rβ by thy...
(A) IL-2Rβ per β-actin mRNA expression (mean ± SEM) in thymic CD4+ Tregs from WT and KO mice (n = 4/group). (B) Baseline levels of surface IL-2Rβ in WT (considered as 100%) and KO (relative to WT) thymic CD4+ Tregs and time kinetics in surface IL-2Rβ remaining after IL-2 stimulation (20 nM) as detected by flow cytometry. (C) Thymic CD4+ Tregs from KO and WT mice were cultured overnight in full medium alone or in α-CD3–precoated plates in the presence of IL-2 or (D) in the presence of the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid or the PP2A activator FTY720, and thereafter the levels of sIL-2Rβ were determined in the supernatants using ELISA. Statistical analysis is relative to unstimulated thymic CD4+ Tregs from WT mice. (E) Schematic of primer design and alignment for mouse Il2rb mRNA expression. Total RNA from thymic CD4+ Tregs from KO and WT mice (n = 3–4/group) was assessed for mRNA transcripts of the TM domain of IL-2Rβ using quantitative real-time PCR. Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) from 3 experiments are shown. (F) Surface IL-2Rβ (relative to WT) and (G) p-STAT5 expression in thymic CD4+ Tregs from KO mice following stimulation with IL-2 (20 nM, 20 minutes) and the pan-sheddase inhibitor TAPI-2. (H) Surface IL-2Rβ (relative to baseline) in thymic WT Tregs after PP2A inhibition with okadaic acid (OA) and in the presence of the pan-sheddase inhibitor TAPI-2 (left end) and p-STAT5 expression relative to OA effect (represented by the dashed line) in response to IL-2 (right end). (I) Surface IL-2Rβ (left end) and p-STAT5 expression (right end) relative to baseline levels (represented by the dashed line) in thymic WT Tregs following IL-2 stimulation and pan-sheddase inhibition with TAPI-2. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005; ***P < 0.001.

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