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Epithelial innate immunity mediates tubular cell senescence after kidney injury
Heng Jin, … , Judith Campisi, Massimo Attanasio
Heng Jin, … , Judith Campisi, Massimo Attanasio
Published January 24, 2019
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2019;4(2):e125490. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.125490.
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Research Article Inflammation Nephrology

Epithelial innate immunity mediates tubular cell senescence after kidney injury

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition of growing incidence. Patients who suffer severe AKI have a higher risk of developing interstitial fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease later in life. Cellular senescence is a persistent cell cycle arrest and altered gene expression pattern evoked by multiple stressors. The number of senescent cells increases with age and even in small numbers these cells can induce chronic inflammation and fibrosis; indeed, in multiple organs including kidneys, the accumulation of such cells is a hallmark of aging. We hypothesized that cellular senescence might be induced in the kidney after injury and that this might contribute to progressive organ fibrosis. Testing this hypothesis, we found that tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in mice senesce within a few days of kidney injury and that this response is mediated by epithelial Toll-like and interleukin 1 receptors (TLR/IL-1R) of the innate immune system. Epithelial cell–specific inhibition of innate immune signaling in mice by knockout of myeloid differentiation 88 (Myd88) reduced fibrosis as well as damage to kidney tubules, and also prevented the accumulation of senescent TECs. Importantly, although inactivation of Myd88 after injury ameliorated fibrosis, it did not reduce damage to the tubules. Selectively induced apoptosis of senescent cells by two different approaches only partially reduced kidney fibrosis, without ameliorating damage to the tubules. Our data reveal a cell-autonomous role for epithelial innate immunity in controlling TEC senescence after kidney injury, and additionally suggest that early therapeutic intervention is required for effective reduction of long-term sequelae of AKI.

Authors

Heng Jin, Yan Zhang, Qiong Ding, Shan Shan Wang, Prerna Rastogi, Dao-Fu Dai, Dongmei Lu, Madison Purvis, Chao Cao, Angela Wang, Dingxiao Liu, Chongyu Ren, Sarah Elhadi, Ming-Chang Hu, Yanfen Chai, Diana Zepeda-Orozco, Judith Campisi, Massimo Attanasio

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Figure 1

AKI induces cell senescence in kidney tubular cells.

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AKI induces cell senescence in kidney tubular cells.
(A–C) SA-β-Gal stai...
(A–C) SA-β-Gal staining of kidneys in 3 mouse models of AKI (FA, IRI, and CP) 28 days after injury, compared with controls and relative quantification (D–F). Scale bars: 500 μm. (G–I) Representative immunofluorescence confocal images of LAMNB1 28 days after FA, IRI, and CP, and relative digital image analysis qualification of LAMNB1-positive cells (J–L). Scale bars: 20 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD. P values were calculated with 2-tailed Student’s t test. Ten images per mouse. The numbers of experimental mice are indicated in each panel.

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