(A) Overview of adoptive transfer where immune cells were isolated from spleens and lymph nodes of female and male TCR¹⁶⁴⁰-transgenic mice and WT SJL/j mice and differentiated toward a Th1/Th17 phenotype and were injected into WT SJL/j female and male recipients. (B–D) Analysis of immune cells isolated from female and male TCR¹⁶⁴⁰-transgenic and WT SJL/j mice and used for adoptive transfer. (B) Proportion of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes present in immune cells from TCR¹⁶⁴⁰-transgenic and WT SJL/j mice (n ≥ 5 for each). (C) Average and representative dot plot of Vα8.3⁺Vβ4⁺ cells within CD4⁺ T lymphocytes from TCR¹⁶⁴⁰-transgenic and WT SJL/j mice (n ≥ 5 for each). (D) Representative FACS dot plot and average of Th1-, Th17-, and GM-CSF–producing cells and relative mRNA expression of Foxp3 (by qPCR) in female and male TCR¹⁶⁴⁰-transgenic mice (n ≥ 4 for each). (E) Clinical disease courses of representative recipients after adoptive transfer with TCR¹⁶⁴⁰ immune cells (─) or WT SJL/j immune cells (- - -) into WT SJL/j in different conditions (female into female, female into male, male into male and male into female). Graphs are representative of more than 3 independent experiments. (F) Number of recoveries to a clinical score of 0/1 counted in different adoptive transfer conditions. (G) Number of relapses (clinical score of Δ ≥2) counted in different adoptive transfer conditions. (H) Histological analysis using Luxol fast blue and counterstained by H&E of cerebellum of SJL/j female and male recipients after adoptive transfer. After injection of female TCR¹⁶⁴⁰ immune cells, recipients were sacrificed at acute disease (first peak, score ≥3) and during remission (clinical score of Δ ≥2). After injection of male TCR¹⁶⁴⁰ immune cells, recipients were sacrificed at acute disease (score ≥3) and during chronic disease (clinical score ≥3 for more than 20 days). Histological analysis of cerebellum of SJL/j injected mice was performed as a control. Scale bar: 100 μm (white); 250 μm (black). Data are representative of 3 or more independent experiments, with at least 3 mice per group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, and an unpaired 1-sided t test or 1-way ANOVA was used. **P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001. P < 0.05 was considered significant.