Submit a comment
Abstract
Detailed spatial information of low–molecular weight compound distribution, especially in the brain, is crucial to understanding their mechanism of actions. Imaging techniques that can directly visualize drugs in the brain at a high resolution will complement existing tools for drug distribution analysis. Here, we performed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging using a bioorthogonal alkyne tag to visualize drugs directly in situ at a high resolution. Focusing on the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor S-citalopram (S-Cit), which possesses a nitrile group, we substituted an alkynyl group into its structure and synthesized alkynylated S-Cit (Alk-S-Cit). The brain transitivity and the serotonin reuptake inhibition of Alk-S-Cit were not significantly different as compared with S-Cit. Alk-S-Cit was visualized in the coronal mouse brain section using SERS imaging with silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, SERS imaging combined with fluorescence microscopy allowed Alk-S-Cit to be visualized in the adjacent neuronal membranes, as well as in the brain vessel and parenchyma. Therefore, our multimodal imaging technique is an effective method for detecting low–molecular weight compounds in their original tissue environment and can potentially offer additional information regarding the precise spatial distribution of such drugs.
Authors
Masato Tanuma, Atsushi Kasai, Kazuki Bando, Naoyuki Kotoku, Kazuo Harada, Masafumi Minoshima, Kosuke Higashino, Atsushi Kimishima, Masayoshi Arai, Yukio Ago, Kaoru Seiriki, Kazuya Kikuchi, Satoshi Kawata, Katsumasa Fujita, Hitoshi Hashimoto
Guidelines
The Editorial Board will only consider comments that are deemed relevant and of interest to readers. The Journal will not post data that have not been subjected to peer review; or a comment that is essentially a reiteration of another comment.
- Comments appear on the Journal’s website and are linked from the original article’s web page.
- Authors are notified by email if their comments are posted.
- The Journal reserves the right to edit comments for length and clarity.
- No appeals will be considered.
- Comments are not indexed in PubMed.
Specific requirements
- Maximum length, 400 words
- Entered as plain text or HTML
- Author’s name and email address, to be posted with the comment
- Declaration of all potential conflicts of interest (even if these are not ultimately posted); see the Journal’s conflict-of-interest policy
- Comments may not include figures
