Therapeutic modalities are organized from small (left) to large (right) molecules. Untargeted therapeutics are located on the top side of the figure while the bottom part represents cell-specific modalities. Each light color shading represents a specific modality: small molecules (blue), oligos (yellow), peptides (pink), large molecules (red), and cell depletion strategies (purple). Watercolor overlap highlights therapeutics combining different modalities, such as antibody drug-conjugate (ADC) or antibody oligo-conjugate (AOC). Nanoparticles deliver both small molecules and oligos can be further directed to relevant cell types when combined with a targeting arm (green). The left and right gradients show the relative impact (blue low, red high) of phenotypic omics and perturbation screen on the discovery of novel therapeutic targets (top) versus cell-targeting strategies (bottom).