Usage Information
Abstract
Rationale: Persistent monocyte activation contributes to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), yet biomarkers that predict neurocognitive impairment before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain incompletely defined. Objectives: We evaluated monocyte subsets and activation markers in participants from the SEARCH007 cohort prior to ART initiation and at 6 and 12 months following treatment. Methods and Results: Increased frequencies of CD14+CD16+ monocytes and elevated CD163 expression were associated with worsening neurocognitive performance and HAND severity. Plasma soluble CD163 levels increased with neurocognitive impairment and correlated with plasma HIV RNA levels, while CCR2 expression was associated with NPZ Global scores. Notably, CD169 expression was elevated across all monocyte subsets and demonstrated a stepwise increase with worsening neurocognitive impairment. Although ART reduced overall monocyte activation, elevated CD169 expression persisted in some individuals despite virologic suppression. Bayesian kernel machine regression and random forest analyses identified CD169 expression as one of the strongest predictors of cognitive impairment, surpassing plasma viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and several established monocyte activation markers. Conclusions: These findings identify monocyte CD169 expression as a biomarker of neurocognitive dysfunction before and during the first year of ART and support further investigation of its role in HAND pathogenesis.
Authors
Hai Duc Nguyen, Andrew K. Ding-Su, Caroline Soulas, Tricia H. Burdo, Patrick Autissier, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, Nitiya Chomchey, Jintanat Ananworanich, Victor Valcour, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Woong-Ki Kim, Kenneth C. Williams
Usage data is cumulative from August 2026 through August 2026.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 65 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 | |
| Citation downloads | 14 | 0 |
| Totals | 106 | 0 |
| Total Views | 106 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
