Usage Information
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2023;8(18):e172470. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.172470.
Abstract
Understanding mucosal antibody responses from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination is crucial to develop strategies for longer term immunity, especially against emerging viral variants. We profiled serial paired mucosal and plasma antibodies from COVID-19 vaccinated only vaccinees (vaccinated, uninfected), COVID-19–recovered vaccinees (recovered, vaccinated), and individuals with breakthrough Delta or Omicron BA.2 infections (vaccinated, infected). Saliva from COVID-19–recovered vaccinees displayed improved antibody-neutralizing activity, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) engagement, and IgA levels compared with COVID-19–uninfected vaccinees. Furthermore, repeated mRNA vaccination boosted SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG2 and IgG4 responses in both mucosa biofluids (saliva and tears) and plasma; however, these rises only negatively correlated with FcγR engagement in plasma. IgG and FcγR engagement, but not IgA, responses to breakthrough COVID-19 variants were dampened and narrowed by increased preexisting vaccine-induced immunity against the ancestral strain. Salivary antibodies delayed initiation following breakthrough COVID-19 infection, especially Omicron BA.2, but rose rapidly thereafter. Importantly, salivary antibody FcγR engagements were enhanced following breakthrough infections. Our data highlight how preexisting immunity shapes mucosal SARS-CoV-2–specific antibody responses and has implications for long-term protection from COVID-19.
Authors
Kevin J. Selva, Pradhipa Ramanathan, Ebene R. Haycroft, Arnold Reynaldi, Deborah Cromer, Chee Wah Tan, Lin-Fa Wang, Bruce D. Wines, P. Mark Hogarth, Laura E. Downie, Samantha K. Davis, Ruth A. Purcell, Helen E. Kent, Jennifer A. Juno, Adam K. Wheatley, Miles P. Davenport, Stephen J. Kent, Amy W. Chung
Usage data is cumulative from December 2023 through December 2024.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 1,670 | 456 |
| 189 | 97 | |
| Figure | 395 | 10 |
| Supplemental data | 96 | 18 |
| Citation downloads | 70 | 0 |
| Totals | 2,420 | 581 |
| Total Views | 3,001 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
