Protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination may differ by variant. We enrolled vaccinated (n = 39) and unvaccinated (n = 11) individuals with acute, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron infection and performed SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification, whole-genome sequencing, and variant-specific antibody characterization at the time of acute illness and convalescence. Viral load at the time of infection was inversely correlated with antibody binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Across all variants tested, convalescent neutralization titers in unvaccinated individuals were markedly lower than in vaccinated individuals. Increases in antibody titers and neutralizing activity occurred at convalescence in a variant-specific manner. For example, among individuals infected with the Delta variant, neutralizing antibody responses were weakest against BA.2, whereas infection with Omicron BA.1 variant generated a broader response against all tested variants, including BA.2.
Michael S. Seaman, Mark J. Siedner, Julie Boucau, Christy L. Lavine, Fadi Ghantous, May Y. Liew, Josh I. Mathews, Arshdeep Singh, Caitlin Marino, James Regan, Rockib Uddin, Manish C. Choudhary, James P. Flynn, Geoffrey Chen, Ashley M. Stuckwisch, Taryn Lipiner, Autumn Kittilson, Meghan Melberg, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Zahra Reynolds, Surabhi L. Iyer, Grace C. Chamberlin, Tammy D. Vyas, Jatin M. Vyas, Marcia B. Goldberg, Jeremy Luban, Jonathan Z. Li, Amy K. Barczak, Jacob E. Lemieux
Title and authors | Publication | Year |
---|---|---|
Comparison of Neutralizing Activity between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Infected with Delta, Omicron BA.1, or Omicron BA.2 Variant.
Kim KJ, Park SJ, Yun SG, Kim SW, Nam MH, Shin EK, Chang EA, Park DW, Lee CK, Yoon YK, Cho Y |
Microorganisms | 2024 |
SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance and evolution varies by type and severity of immunodeficiency.
Li Y, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Boucau J, Nathan A, Speidel T, Liew MY, Edelstein GE, Kawano Y, Uddin R, Deo R, Marino C, Getz MA, Reynolds Z, Barry M, Gilbert RF, Tien D, Sagar S, Vyas TD, Flynn JP, Hammond SP, Novack LA, Choi B, Cernadas M, Wallace ZS, Sparks JA, Vyas JM, Seaman MS, Gaiha GD, Siedner MJ, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE, Li JZ |
Science Translational Medicine | 2024 |
Humoral and cellular immune responses following Omicron BA.2.2 breakthrough infection and Omicron BA.5 reinfection
Zhao XJ, Ji B, Shang C, Li DY, Zhang S, Gu HJ, Peng HH, Qian C, Zhang CL, Shi C, Shen Y, Chen JJ, Xu Q, Lv CL, Jiang BG, Wang H, Li X, Wang GL, Fang LQ |
iScience | 2024 |
Multi-omic characteristics of longitudinal immune profiling after breakthrough infections caused by Omicron BA.5 sublineages
Li Y, Qin S, Dong L, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Qiao S, Zhang R, Li Y, Bao Y, Zhao X, Ma Y, Gao GF |
eBioMedicine | 2024 |
Beyond COVID-19: the promise of next-generation coronavirus vaccines
Koolaparambil Mukesh R, Yinda CK, Munster VJ, van Doremalen N |
npj Viruses | 2024 |
Vaccine- and Breakthrough Infection-Elicited Pre-Omicron Immunity More Effectively Neutralizes Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 Than Pre-Omicron Infection Alone.
Santos da Silva E, Servais JY, Kohnen M, Arendt V, Gilson G, Staub T, Seguin-Devaux C, Perez-Bercoff D |
Current issues in molecular biology | 2023 |
Targeting the Spike Receptor Binding Domain Class V Cryptic Epitope by an Antibody with Pan-Sarbecovirus Activity.
Jensen JL, Sankhala RS, Dussupt V, Bai H, Hajduczki A, Lal KG, Chang WC, Martinez EJ, Peterson CE, Golub ES, Rees PA, Mendez-Rivera L, Zemil M, Kavusak E, Mayer SV, Wieczorek L, Kannan S, Doranz BJ, Davidson E, Yang ES, Zhang Y, Chen M, Choe M, Wang L, Gromowski GD, Koup RA, Michael NL, Polonis VR, Rolland M, Modjarrad K, Krebs SJ, Joyce MG |
Journal of virology | 2023 |
Diminished Neutralization Capacity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in Donor Plasma Collected from January to March 2021
Lin YC, Evans DH, Robbins NF, Orjuela G, Abe KT, Rathod B, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Tuite A, Yi QL, O\u2019Brien SF, Drews SJ |
Microbiology spectrum | 2023 |
Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort
Nurisyah S, Iyori M, Hasyim AA, Sakamoto A, Hashimoto H, Yamagata K, Yamauchi S, Amru K, Zainal KH, Idris I, Yoshida S, Djaharuddin I, Syafruddin D, Bukhari A, Asih PB, Yusuf Y |
Antibodies | 2023 |
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance and Evolution Varies by Extent of Immunodeficiency.
Li Y, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Boucau J, Nathan A, Speidel T, Liew MY, Edelstein GE, Kawano Y, Uddin R, Deo R, Marino C, Getz MA, Reynold Z, Barry M, Gilbert RF, Tien D, Sagar S, Vyas TD, Flynn JP, Hammond SP, Novack LA, Choi B, Cernadas M, Wallace ZS, Sparks JA, Vyas JM, Seaman MS, Gaiha GD, Siedner MJ, Barczak AK, Lemieux JE, Li JZ |
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences | 2023 |
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2
Evans JP, Zeng C, Qu P, Faraone J, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Zhou T, Lozanski G, Mallampalli R, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Mohler PJ, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL |
Cell Host & Microbe | 2022 |
Prior Vaccination Exceeds Prior Infection in Eliciting Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Omicron Infected Outpatients
Lee HK, Knabl L, Walter M, Knabl L Sr, Dai Y, Füßl M, Caf Y, Jeller C, Knabl P, Obermoser M, Baurecht C, Kaiser N, Zabernigg A, Wurdinger GM, Furth PA, Hennighausen L |
Frontiers in immunology | 2022 |
110例儿童奥密克戎变异株感染恢复期血清IgG抗体变化
|
2022 | |
Monoclonal antibody treatment drives rapid culture conversion in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Boucau J, Chew KW, Choudhary MC, Deo R, Regan J, Flynn JP, Crain CR, Hughes MD, Ritz J, Moser C, Dragavon JA, Javan AC, Nirula A, Klekotka P, Greninger AL, Coombs RW, Fischer WA 2nd, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Smith DM, Li JZ, Barczak AK |
Cell reports. Medicine | 2022 |
Characterization of Virologic Rebound Following Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Boucau J, Uddin R, Marino C, Regan J, Flynn JP, Choudhary MC, Chen G, Stuckwisch AM, Mathews J, Liew MY, Singh A, Reynolds Z, Iyer SL, Chamberlin GC, Vyas TD, Vyas JM, Turbett SE, Li JZ, Lemieux JE, Barczak AK, Siedner MJ |
Clinical Infectious Diseases | 2022 |
SARS-CoV-2 viral load and shedding kinetics
Puhach O, Meyer B, Eckerle I |
Nature reviews. Microbiology | 2022 |
Simultaneous measurement of multiple variant-specific SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a multiplexed flow cytometric assay
Liu H, Varvel S, Chen G, McConnell J, Caffrey R, Galdzicka M, Shabahang S |
Frontiers in immunology | 2022 |
BA.2 and BA.5 omicron differ immunologically from both BA.1 omicron and pre-omicron variants
Rössler A, Netzl A, Knabl L, Schäfer H, Wilks SH, Bante D, Falkensammer B, Borena W, von Laer D, Smith DJ, Kimpel J |
Nature Communications | 2022 |
Recall of preexisting cross-reactive B cell memory after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection.
Kaku CI, Bergeron AJ, Ahlm C, Normark J, Sakharkar M, Forsell MNE, Walker LM |
Science Immunology | 2022 |
Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone
da Silva ES, Kohnen M, Gilson G, Staub T, Arendt V, Hilger C, Servais JY, Charpentier E, Domingues O, Snoeck CJ, Ollert M, Seguin-Devaux C, Perez-Bercoff D |
International journal of molecular sciences | 2022 |
Serial infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination
Lapointe HR, Mwimanzi F, Cheung PK, Sang Y, Yaseen F, Kalikawe R, Datwani S, Waterworth R, Umviligihozo G, Ennis S, Young L, Dong W, Kirkby D, Burns L, Leung V, Holmes DT, DeMarco ML, Simons J, Matic N, Montaner JS, Brumme CJ, Prystajecky N, Niikura M, Lowe CF, Romney MG, Brockman MA, Brumme ZL |
Frontiers in immunology | 2022 |
Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection in humans
Wang Z, Zhou P, Muecksch F, Cho A, Ben Tanfous T, Canis M, Witte L, Johnson B, Raspe R, Schmidt F, Bednarski E, Da Silva J, Ramos V, Zong S, Turroja M, Millard KG, Yao KH, Shimeliovich I, Dizon J, Kaczynska A, Jankovic M, Gazumyan A, Oliveira TY, Caskey M, Gaebler C, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T, Nussenzweig MC |
Journal of Experimental Medicine | 2022 |
Reduced neutralization against Delta, Gamma, Mu, and Omicron BA.1 variants of SARS-CoV-2 from previous non-Omicron infection.
Pidal P, Fernández J, Airola C, Araujo M, Menjiba AM, Martín HS, Bruneau N, Balanda M, Elgueta C, Fasce R, Valenzuela MT, Orellana A, Ramírez E |
Medical microbiology and immunology | 2022 |