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VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter–methylated cancers of the nervous system
Jonathan So, … , Mariella G. Filbin, William C. Hahn
Jonathan So, … , Mariella G. Filbin, William C. Hahn
Published August 30, 2022
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2022;7(19):e158755. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.158755.
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Research Article Oncology

VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter–methylated cancers of the nervous system

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Abstract

Collateral lethality occurs when loss of a gene/protein renders cancer cells dependent on its remaining paralog. Combining genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens with RNA sequencing in over 900 cancer cell lines, we found that cancers of nervous system lineage, including adult and pediatric gliomas and neuroblastomas, required the nuclear kinase vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) for their survival in vivo. VRK1 dependency was inversely correlated with expression of its paralog VRK2. VRK2 knockout sensitized cells to VRK1 loss, and conversely, VRK2 overexpression increased cell fitness in the setting of VRK1 loss. DNA methylation of the VRK2 promoter was associated with low VRK2 expression in human neuroblastomas and adult and pediatric gliomas. Mechanistically, depletion of VRK1 reduced barrier-to-autointegration factor phosphorylation during mitosis, resulting in DNA damage and apoptosis. Together, these studies identify VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter–methylated adult and pediatric gliomas and neuroblastomas.

Authors

Jonathan So, Nathaniel W. Mabe, Bernhard Englinger, Kin-Hoe Chow, Sydney M. Moyer, Smitha Yerrum, Maria C. Trissal, Joana G. Marques, Jason J. Kwon, Brian Shim, Sangita Pal, Eshini Panditharatna, Thomas Quinn, Daniel A. Schaefer, Daeun Jeong, David L. Mayhew, Justin Hwang, Rameen Beroukhim, Keith L. Ligon, Kimberly Stegmaier, Mariella G. Filbin, William C. Hahn

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Figure 3

Global phospho-proteomics following acute VRK1 degradation.

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Global phospho-proteomics following acute VRK1 degradation.
(A) Schemati...
(A) Schematic of dTAG-VRK1 degrader system. The conjugated FKBP12F36V binding domain allows small molecule–mediated (dTAGV-1) recruitment of the VHL ubiquitin ligase complex, targeting exogenous VRK1 for proteasomal degradation. (B) Schematic of VRK1 degrader experiments. Exogenous dTAG-VRK1 is transduced to rescue CRISPR KO of endogenous VRK1. Exogenous dTAG-VRK1 is then under the control of the small molecule degrader (dTAGV-1) allowing for acute downregulation. (C) Immunoblot validation of the dTAG-VRK1 degrader system in NB-1 neuroblastoma cells. Exogenous dTAG-VRK1 was degraded with dTAGV-1. Endogenous VRK1 was independently targeted with CRISPR KO. sgLacZ is a nontargeting guide control. (D) Cell viability analysis of dTAG-VRK1-NB-1 cells following addition of either vehicle control or 0.5 μM dTAGV-1. Significance at each time point was determined by 2-way ANOVA (treatment × time). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. (E) Schematic of the quantitative, global phospho-proteomic experiment. Samples were generated in triplicate at 4 hours and 8 hours after dTAGV-1 (0.5 μM) addition. Following trypsin digestion, peptides were tagged with isobaric tandem mass tags (TMTs), then combined. Phospho-enrichment was performed using IMACs, and then peptides were run on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. MS2 spectra offer peptide IDs and sample deconvolution through attached mass tags. (F) KSEA of phosphorylation site dynamics following acute degradation of exogenous VRK1. Kinase substrates of CDK1 and AURKA were significantly downregulated following degradation (blue), while substrates of WEE1, BRSK1, and ATM were significantly upregulated (red). (G) Top panel: Venn diagram showing number of unique proteins with a decrease in phosphorylation for at least 1 phosphorylation site in dTAGV-1–treated samples. Bottom panel: Dot plots showing the overlap of downregulated protein phosphorylation (208 proteins) with select categories of the C5 MSigDB library. All gene sets have FDR ≤ 0.05 as determined by 1-tailed Fisher’s exact test.

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