Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV
Ane Ogbe, et al.
Ane Ogbe, et al.
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Research Article AIDS/HIV COVID-19

Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV

Abstract

Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4+ T cells > 350 cells/μL) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4–6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-γ ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.

Authors

Ane Ogbe, Matthew Pace, Mustapha Bittaye, Timothy Tipoe, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Parvinder K. Aley, M. Azim Ansari, Anna Bara, Samantha Broadhead, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cinardo, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Katie J. Ewer, Henry Fok, Pedro M. Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Leila Godfrey, Anna L. Goodman, Bethany Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Mathew Jones, Stephanie Longet, Rebecca A. Makinson, Natalie G. Marchevsky, Moncy Mathew, Andrea Mazzella, Yama F. Mujadidi, Lucia Parolini, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Helen Sanders, Sonia Serrano, Tom Tipton, Anele Waters, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Gavin R. Screaton, Alan Winston, Adrian V.S. Hill, Sarah C. Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J. Pollard, Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Teresa Lambe, John Frater

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Figure 5

Responses to VOCs are preserved at 6 months after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in PWH.

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Responses to VOCs are preserved at 6 months after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccin...
(A) ACE-2 binding inhibition assay for Alpha, Beta, and Gamma VOCs measured at day 0 (baseline) and at day 182 (6 months after vaccination) in HIV+ volunteers. (B) Comparison between ACE-2 binding inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 WT strain and Alpha, Beta, and Gamma VOCs in HIV+ volunteers. (C–F) Comparison between proliferative T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 WT strain and Beta, Gamma, and Delta VOCs in (C) CD4+ S1, (D) CD4+ S2, (E) CD8+ S1, and (F) CD8+ S2 in HIV+ volunteers. (G–J) Comparative analysis of (G) CD4+ S1, (H) CD4+ S2, (I) CD8+ S1, and (J) CD8+ S2 T cells responses to VOCs in HIV+ (solid circles) and HIV– (open circles). Comparison of 2 time points within the same group was done by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Comparison of 2 groups was done by 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Where indicated *P ≤ 0.05 and ****P ≤ 0.000. Dotted lines in C–J indicate threshold for true positive based mean of DMSO controls + 3 SD. n = 48–54 for ACE-2 inhibition assay in HIV+ volunteers, 20 for HIV+ VOC proliferative responses, and 10 for HIV– control VOC responses in proliferation assay. Data are shown as median ± IQR.