Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV
Ane Ogbe, et al.
Ane Ogbe, et al.
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Research Article AIDS/HIV COVID-19

Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV

Abstract

Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4+ T cells > 350 cells/μL) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4–6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-γ ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.

Authors

Ane Ogbe, Matthew Pace, Mustapha Bittaye, Timothy Tipoe, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Parvinder K. Aley, M. Azim Ansari, Anna Bara, Samantha Broadhead, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cinardo, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Katie J. Ewer, Henry Fok, Pedro M. Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Leila Godfrey, Anna L. Goodman, Bethany Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Mathew Jones, Stephanie Longet, Rebecca A. Makinson, Natalie G. Marchevsky, Moncy Mathew, Andrea Mazzella, Yama F. Mujadidi, Lucia Parolini, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Helen Sanders, Sonia Serrano, Tom Tipton, Anele Waters, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Gavin R. Screaton, Alan Winston, Adrian V.S. Hill, Sarah C. Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J. Pollard, Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Teresa Lambe, John Frater

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Figure 3

T cell responses following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination are durable in PWH.

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T cell responses following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination are durable in PW...
(A) T cell response measured using peptides pools against SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 antigens by IFN-γ ELISpot across all time points. (B) Comparative analysis of IFN-γ T cell responses in HIV+ and HIV– volunteers. (C and D) Proliferative T cell responses to (C) SARS-CoV-2 S1 and (D) SARS-CoV-2 S2 in CD4+ T cells across all available time points. (E and F) Proliferative T cell responses to (E) SARS-CoV-2 S1 and (F) SARS-CoV-2 S2 in CD8+ T cells across all available time points. Comparison of 2 time points within the same group was done by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Comparison of 2 groups was done by 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test or multiple Mann-Whitney U test (B) with Bonferroni-Dunn’s multiple-comparison test (Prism v9). *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, and ****P ≤ 0.000. Dotted lines in C–F indicate threshold for true positive based mean of DMSO controls + 3 SD. n = 48–54 for HIV+ volunteers and 54 for HIV– controls. Data are shown as median ± IQR.