(A) Relative CPVL mRNA expression in normal brain specimens and glioma specimens of different clinical grades acquired from TCGA (n = 10 for normal, n = 100 for grade I, n =102 for grade II, n = 102 for grade III, n = 102 for grade IV). (B and C) The expression level of CPVL in normal brain cell (HEB and HBEC-5i) and glioma cell lines (U251, LN382, SHG44, A172, U118, T98G, and U87MG). (D) Western blotting analysis of CPVL expression in matched primary glioma tissues (T) and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANT). The clinical grades of patientswere characterized (patient 1, grade II; patient 2, grade III; patient 3, grade I; patient 4, grade III; patient 5, grade IV). (E and F) The expression level of CPVL in normal brain specimens and glioma specimens of different clinical grades(n = 20 for normal, n = 45 for grade I, n = 78 for grade II, n = 32 for grade III, n = 24 for grade IV). (G) IHC staining analysis of CPVL protein expression in matched primary glioma tissues (T) and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANT). Scale bars: 100 μm (200× magnification). (H) IHC staining analysis of CPVL protein expression in normal brain tissues and glioma tissues of different clinical grades. Scale bars: 100 μm (200× magnification, left panels) and 50 μm (400× magnification, right panels). Representative IHC images and IHC score quantification for CPVL are shown. (I–K) Kaplan-Meier survival curves show overall survival (I), progression-free survival (J), disease-free survival (K) of high CPVL–expressing and low CPVL–expressing glioma patients from the TCGA database. The clinical grades of patients were characterized (patient 1, grade II; patient 2, grade III; patient 3, grade I; patient 4, grade III; patient 5, grade IV).All experiments were repeated 3 times. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Bar graph data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (A, B, E, and H), 2-tailed Student’s t test (G), and log-rank test (I–K) analyses were performed. *P < 0.05.