(A) Schematic of flow sorting strategy. (B) Representative labeling with LIVE/DEAD Aqua and quantification of viability after 7 days of stimulation expressed as FC over medium control in sorted CCR7^–CX3CR1⁺CD57⁺CD28^–CD8⁺ Tmem from CMV⁺ PLWH (n = 5–17/stim). Data represent median ± IQR. Significance determined by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons. (C) Representative histograms from day 4 of stimulation and quantification of intracellular Bcl-2 staining after stimulation expressed as FC over medium control in CCR7^–CX3CR1⁺CD57⁺CD28^–CD8⁺ Tmem from HIV-uninfected controls (n = 7). Data represent median ± IQR. Significance among groups determined by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.005, IL-15 versus IL-2; ^##P ≤ 0.01, TCR versus IL-2; ^%P ≤ 0.05, ^%%P ≤ 0.01, IL-15 versus TCR. Significance within groups (7 days vs. 1 day) determined by Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test: *P ≤ 0.05. (D) Viability after 7 days of stimulation with medium control or IL-15 with or without indicated inhibitors in sorted CCR7^–CX3CR1⁺CD57⁺CD28^–CD8⁺ Tmem from CMV⁺ PLWH (n = 8–14/stim). Data represent median ± IQR. Significance determined by Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons.