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HIV vaccine delayed boosting increases Env variable region 2–specific antibody effector functions
David Easterhoff, … , Guido Ferrari, Barton F. Haynes
David Easterhoff, … , Guido Ferrari, Barton F. Haynes
Published January 30, 2020
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2020;5(2):e131437. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.131437.
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Research Article AIDS/HIV

HIV vaccine delayed boosting increases Env variable region 2–specific antibody effector functions

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Abstract

In the RV144 HIV-1 phase III trial, vaccine efficacy directly correlated with the magnitude of the variable region 2–specific (V2-specific) IgG antibody response, and in the presence of low plasma IgA levels, with the magnitude of plasma antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Reenrollment of RV144 vaccinees in the RV305 trial offered the opportunity to define the function, maturation, and persistence of vaccine-induced V2-specific and other mAb responses after boosting. We show that the RV144 vaccine regimen induced persistent V2 and other HIV-1 envelope–specific memory B cell clonal lineages that could be identified throughout the approximately 11-year vaccination period. Subsequent boosts increased somatic hypermutation, a critical requirement for antibody affinity maturation. Characterization of 22 vaccine-induced V2-specific mAbs with epitope specificities distinct from previously characterized RV144 V2-specific mAbs CH58 and CH59 found increased in vitro antibody-mediated effector functions. Thus, when inducing non-neutralizing antibodies, one method by which to improve HIV-1 vaccine efficacy may be through late boosting to diversify the V2-specific response to increase the breadth of antibody-mediated anti–HIV-1 effector functions.

Authors

David Easterhoff, Justin Pollara, Kan Luo, Benjamin Janus, Neelakshi Gohain, LaTonya D. Williams, Matthew Zirui Tay, Anthony Monroe, Kristina Peachman, Misook Choe, Susie Min, Paolo Lusso, Peng Zhang, Eden P. Go, Heather Desaire, Mattia Bonsignori, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Charles Beck, Matina Kakalis, Robert J. O’Connell, Sandhya Vasan, Jerome H. Kim, Nelson L. Michael, Jean-Louis Excler, Merlin L. Robb, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Faruk Sinangil, James Tartaglia, Sanjay Phogat, Kevin Wiehe, Kevin O. Saunders, David C. Montefiori, Georgia D. Tomaras, M. Anthony Moody, James Arthos, Mangala Rao, M. Gordon Joyce, Gilad Ofek, Guido Ferrari, Barton F. Haynes

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Figure 1

VH chain gene mutation frequency of Env-specific mAbs isolated from the RV144, RV305, or RV305a HIV-1 clinical trials.

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VH chain gene mutation frequency of Env-specific mAbs isolated from the ...
B cells were antigen specific single-cell sorted or isolated from memory B cell culture. The antibody VH and VL chain genes were RT-PCR amplified, Sanger sequenced, and analyzed with Cloanalyst (45). Env reactivity and epitope specificity was determined by transiently expressing mAbs and assaying by ELISA. MAbs were isolated from 8 RV144 vaccinees, 14 RV305 vaccinees, and 5 RV305a vaccinees, of which 5 were studied in all 3 clinical trials. All PBMCs used for mAb isolation were collected 2 weeks after the final boost in each clinical trial. Dashed line indicates 2% VH chain gene mutation frequency. Numbers of mAbs analyzed are in parentheses.

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ISSN 2379-3708

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