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TLR7 agonist administration to SIV-infected macaques receiving early initiated cART does not induce plasma viremia
Gregory Q. Del Prete, … , Romas Geleziunas, Jeffrey D. Lifson
Gregory Q. Del Prete, … , Romas Geleziunas, Jeffrey D. Lifson
Published June 6, 2019
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2019;4(11):e127717. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.127717.
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Research Article AIDS/HIV

TLR7 agonist administration to SIV-infected macaques receiving early initiated cART does not induce plasma viremia

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Abstract

Reduction/elimination of HIV-1 reservoirs that persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) will likely require induction of viral expression by residual infected cells and enhanced clearance of these cells. TLR7 agonists have potential to mediate these activities. We evaluated immunologic and virologic effects of repeated doses of the TLR7 agonist GS-9620 in SIV-infected rhesus macaques receiving cART, which was initiated at 13 days after infection and was continued for 75 weeks prior to GS-9620 administration. During cART, GS-9620 induced transient upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes in blood and tissues, increases in plasma cytokines, and changes in immune cell population activation and phenotypes but did not result in measurable increases in plasma viremia or viral RNA–to–viral DNA ratio in PBMCs or tissues nor decreases in viral DNA in PBMC or tissues. SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, negligible prior to GS-9620 treatment, were not measurably boosted by treatment; a second course of GS-9620 administration overlapping with later cART discontinuation was associated with increased CD8+ T cell responses during viral recrudescence. These results confirm and extend evidence for GS-9620–mediated enhancement of antiviral immune responses in SIV-infected macaques but suggest that GS-9620–mediated viral induction may depend critically on the timing of initiation and duration of cART and resulting characteristics of viral reservoirs.

Authors

Gregory Q. Del Prete, W. Gregory Alvord, Yuan Li, Claire Deleage, Mukta Nag, Kelli Oswald, James A. Thomas, Cathi Pyle, William J. Bosche, Vicky Coalter, Adam Wiles, Rodney Wiles, Brian Berkemeier, Michael Hull, Elizabeth Chipriano, Lorna Silipino, Randy Fast, Jacob Kiser, Rebecca Kiser, Tyler Malys, Joshua Kramer, Matthew W. Breed, Charles M. Trubey, Jacob D. Estes, Tiffany L. Barnes, Joseph Hesselgesser, Romas Geleziunas, Jeffrey D. Lifson

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Figure 1

Study schema.

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Study schema.
Study design, including timing of cART initiation (gray do...
Study design, including timing of cART initiation (gray downward arrow), tissue sampling (Bx, purple arrows), GS-9620 administrations (red arrows), and cART cessation (gray upward arrow), is shown. GS-9620 dose for each administration is indicated by arrow color. All 6 study animals were treated as shown, with the exception that the 2 vehicle control animals received only drug vehicle instead of GS-9620 at each of the GS-9620 treatment time points. The asterisk indicates that doses 1.1 through 1.12 were administered at 2-week intervals, except for dose 1.10, which was administered 3 weeks after dose 1.9.

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