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Magnesium supplementation improves diabetic mitochondrial and cardiac diastolic function
Man Liu, … , Anyu Zhou, Samuel C. Dudley Jr.
Man Liu, … , Anyu Zhou, Samuel C. Dudley Jr.
Published January 10, 2019
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2019;4(1):e123182. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.123182.
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Research Article Cardiology

Magnesium supplementation improves diabetic mitochondrial and cardiac diastolic function

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Abstract

In heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the majority of patients have hypomagnesemia, and magnesium (Mg) supplementation has improved cardiac function and insulin resistance. Recently, we have shown that DM can cause cardiac diastolic dysfunction (DD). Therefore, we hypothesized that Mg supplementation would improve diastolic function in DM. High-fat diet–induced diabetic mouse hearts showed increased cardiac DD and hypertrophy. Mice with DM showed a significantly increased E/e’ ratio (the ratio of transmitral Doppler early filling velocity [E] to tissue Doppler early diastolic mitral annular velocity [e’]) in the echocardiogram, left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), incidence of DD, left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (PWTd), and ratio of heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) when compared with controls. DM mice also had hypomagnesemia. Ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from DM mice exhibited decreased mitochondrial ATP production, a 1.7- ± 0.2-fold increase of mitochondrial ROS, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Dietary Mg administration (50 mg/ml in the drinking water) for 6 weeks increased plasma Mg concentration and improved cardiac function. At the cellular level, Mg improved mitochondrial function with increased ATP, decreased mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ overload, and repolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, Mg supplementation improved mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative stress, and prevented DD in DM.

Authors

Man Liu, Euy-Myoung Jeong, Hong Liu, An Xie, Eui Young So, Guangbin Shi, Go Eun Jeong, Anyu Zhou, Samuel C. Dudley Jr.

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Figure 6

DM mice showed mitochondrial structural abnormalities, which were improved with dietary Mg.

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DM mice showed mitochondrial structural abnormalities, which were improv...
(A) Electron microscopy of mitochondria showed altered distribution and morphology in DM mouse heart tissue. These changes were improved by dietary Mg supplementation. Transmission electron micrographs of hearts from control mice (CT), DM mice, and DM+Mg mice. Images were taken at ×12,000 magnification. Scale bars: 1 μm. (B) Mitochondria size was evaluated by the area of mitochondria, and the cristae structure was evaluated by the mitochondrial gray intensity mean values. Over 14 images for each group and 489–707 mitochondria were used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used; *P < 0.01 vs. control and #P < 0.05 vs. DM. CT, control mice; DM, mice fed with high-fat diet; DM+Mg, mice fed with high-fat diet and Mg in drinking water.

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