Gremlin-1 identifies fibrosis and predicts adverse outcome in patients with heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy
KAL Mueller, E Tavlaki, M Schneider… - Journal of cardiac …, 2013 - Elsevier
Abstract Background Gremlin-1 (Grem1), an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins, is
involved in fibrotic tissue formation in kidney and lung. The impact of myocardial Grem1
expression is unknown. We investigated the prognostic value of Grem1 expression in 214
consecutive patients with nonischemic heart failure (HF) undergoing endomyocardial
biopsy. Methods In all patients, the following risk factors were assessed: Grem1 expression
(semiquantitative score scheme ranging from 1 to 4), presence of inflammatory markers …
involved in fibrotic tissue formation in kidney and lung. The impact of myocardial Grem1
expression is unknown. We investigated the prognostic value of Grem1 expression in 214
consecutive patients with nonischemic heart failure (HF) undergoing endomyocardial
biopsy. Methods In all patients, the following risk factors were assessed: Grem1 expression
(semiquantitative score scheme ranging from 1 to 4), presence of inflammatory markers …