The immune regulation in cancer by the amino acid metabolizing enzymes ARG and IDO
Highlights•Arginase 1 (ARG1) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catabolize l-
arginine and l-tryptophan.•ARG1 and IDO1 can be activated in different myeloid cells by
tumor-derived factors.•Enzymatic and signaling activities of ARG1 and IDO1 can induce
tolerance of T lymphocytes.•An cross-talk among ARG1 and IDO1 can sustain a protracted
tolerogenic activity in cancer environment.•Clinical trials are designed to modulate ARG1
and IDO1 and improve cancer immunotherapySome enzymes degrading amino acids have …
arginine and l-tryptophan.•ARG1 and IDO1 can be activated in different myeloid cells by
tumor-derived factors.•Enzymatic and signaling activities of ARG1 and IDO1 can induce
tolerance of T lymphocytes.•An cross-talk among ARG1 and IDO1 can sustain a protracted
tolerogenic activity in cancer environment.•Clinical trials are designed to modulate ARG1
and IDO1 and improve cancer immunotherapySome enzymes degrading amino acids have …