Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors augment the ability of formoterol to enhance glucocorticoid-dependent gene transcription in human airway epithelial cells: a novel …

T Moodley, SM Wilson, T Joshi, CF Rider… - Molecular …, 2013 - Elsevier
Post-hoc analysis of two phase III clinical studies found that the phosphodiesterase 4
(PDE4) inhibitor, roflumilast, reduced exacerbation frequency in patients with severe chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were taking inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
concomitantly, whereas patients not taking ICS derived no such benefit. In contrast, in two
different trials also performed in patients with severe COPD, roflumilast reduced
exacerbation rates in the absence of ICS, indicating that PDE4 inhibition alone is sufficient …