Since the original descriptions of postconcussive pathophysiology, there has been a
significant increase in interest and ongoing research to study the biological underpinnings of
concussion. The initial ionic flux and glutamate release result in significant energy demands
and a period of metabolic crisis for the injured brain. These physiological perturbations can
now be linked to clinical characteristics of concussion, including migrainous symptoms,
vulnerability to repeat injury, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, advanced …