Protection by universal influenza vaccine is mediated by memory CD4 T cells

SA Valkenburg, OTW Li, A Li, M Bull, TA Waldmann… - Vaccine, 2018 - Elsevier
SA Valkenburg, OTW Li, A Li, M Bull, TA Waldmann, LP Perera, M Peiris, LLM Poon
Vaccine, 2018Elsevier
There is a diverse array of influenza viruses which circulate between different species,
reassort and drift over time. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are ineffective in controlling
these viruses. We have developed a novel universal vaccine which elicits robust T cell
responses and protection against diverse influenza viruses in mouse and human models.
Vaccine mediated protection was dependent on influenza-specific CD4+ T cells, whereby
depletion of CD4+ T cells at either vaccination or challenge time points significantly reduced …
Abstract
There is a diverse array of influenza viruses which circulate between different species, reassort and drift over time. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are ineffective in controlling these viruses. We have developed a novel universal vaccine which elicits robust T cell responses and protection against diverse influenza viruses in mouse and human models. Vaccine mediated protection was dependent on influenza-specific CD4+ T cells, whereby depletion of CD4+ T cells at either vaccination or challenge time points significantly reduced survival in mice. Vaccine memory CD4+ T cells were needed for early antibody production and CD8+ T cell recall responses. Furthermore, influenza-specific CD4+ T cells from vaccination manifested primarily Tfh and Th1 profiles with anti-viral cytokine production. The vaccine boosted H5-specific T cells from human PBMCs, specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T effector memory type, ensuring the vaccine was truly universal for its future application. These findings have implications for the development and optimization of T cell activating vaccines for universal immunity against influenza.
Elsevier