HIV-1 and the immune response to TB
NF Walker, G Meintjes, RJ Wilkinson - Future virology, 2013 - Taylor & Francis
NF Walker, G Meintjes, RJ Wilkinson
Future virology, 2013•Taylor & FrancisTB causes 1.4 million deaths annually. HIV-1 infection is the strongest risk factor for TB. The
characteristic immunological effect of HIV is on CD4 cell count. However, the risk of TB is
elevated in HIV-1 infected individuals even in the first few years after HIV acquisition and
also after CD4 cell counts are restored with antiretroviral therapy. In this review, we examine
features of the immune response to TB and how this is affected by HIV-1 infection and vice
versa. We discuss how the immunology of HIV–TB coinfection impacts on the clinical …
characteristic immunological effect of HIV is on CD4 cell count. However, the risk of TB is
elevated in HIV-1 infected individuals even in the first few years after HIV acquisition and
also after CD4 cell counts are restored with antiretroviral therapy. In this review, we examine
features of the immune response to TB and how this is affected by HIV-1 infection and vice
versa. We discuss how the immunology of HIV–TB coinfection impacts on the clinical …
TB causes 1.4 million deaths annually. HIV-1 infection is the strongest risk factor for TB. The characteristic immunological effect of HIV is on CD4 cell count. However, the risk of TB is elevated in HIV-1 infected individuals even in the first few years after HIV acquisition and also after CD4 cell counts are restored with antiretroviral therapy. In this review, we examine features of the immune response to TB and how this is affected by HIV-1 infection and vice versa. We discuss how the immunology of HIV–TB coinfection impacts on the clinical presentation and diagnosis of TB, and how antiretroviral therapy affects the immune response to TB, including the development of TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. We highlight important areas of uncertainty and future research needs.
