Basic and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of immunotherapy, a technical and
conceptual breakthrough that has revolutionised cancer treatment. Hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), a deadly malignancy with aetiologic diversity and a chronic course, is
strongly influenced by the immune system, and was recently found to partially benefit from
immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Notably, HCC onco-immunology depends on diverse
genetic and environmental factors that together shape cancer-promoting inflammation and …